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I was asked some years since by the publisher of this work to undertake its revision, I felt some hesitation in complying with his request. The first edition of the Lectures appeared thirty years ago; and during that time there had not only been a great advance in experimental psychology, but my own scientific knowledge and convictions had been considerably increased and modified. Thirty years ago the science was no more than a programme for the future. Except in psychophysics, where Fechner had just broken ground, everything remained still to do; and distrust and suspicion met the investigator at every turn. As for myself, I had had but little experience in the difficult work of psychological analysis, which the gradual development of the experimental methods has done so much to further; and set about my task with more zeal than discretion. The first edition of these Lectures was principally based upon Fechner's Psychophysik and my own Beiträge zur Theorie der Sinneswahrnehmungen, which appeared between 1858 and 1862. The lectures dealing with these subjects have undergone the least alteration in the second edition.

Animal intelligence.