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Biology.

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Evolution (Biology)

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"The publication of the present work on The Wonders of Life has been occasioned by the success of The Riddle of the Universe, which was written five years prior to this volume. Within a few months of the issue of this study of the monistic philosophy, in the autumn of 1899, ten thousand copies were sold. The clear opposition of the author's monistic philosophy, based as it was on the most advanced and sound scientific knowledge, to the conventional ideas and to an outworn "revelation," led to the publication of a vast number of criticisms and attacks. The present work on the wonders of life is, as the title indicates, a supplementary volume to The Riddle of the Universe. While the latter undertook to make a comprehensive survey of the general questions of science--as cosmological problems--in the light of the monistic philosophy, the present volume is confined to the realm of organic science, or the science of life. It seeks to deal connectedly with the general problems of biology, in strict accord with the monistic and mechanical principles which had been laid down by the author in 1866 in his work titled, General Morphology. In the latter publication, special stress was placed on the universality of the law of substance and the substantial unity of nature, which had been further treated in the second and fourteenth chapters of The Riddle of the Universe. The arrangement of the vast material for this study of the wonders of life was modeled on that of the Riddle. Retained in the present volume is the division into larger and smaller sections and the synopses of the various chapters. Thus the whole biological content falls into four sections and twenty chapters"--Preface. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved).

Evolution (Biology)

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GBZ General Biology, Zoology & Biophilosophy --- general biology

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In spite of the diversity of topics on general physiology, a single leading idea permeates all the papers of this collection, namely, that it is possible to get the life phenomena under our control, and that such a control and nothing else is the aim of biology. Thus the reader will notice that in a series of these publications I have tried to find the agencies which determine unequivocally the direction of the motion of animals, and will also notice that I consider a complete knowledge and control of these agencies the biological solution of the metaphysical problem of animal instinct and will. In taking up the problem of regeneration I started out with the idea of controlling these phenomena, and considered it my first aim to find means by which one organ could at desire be caused to grow in the place of another organ. Thus the experiments on heteromorphosis originated. As far as the problem of fertilization is concerned, it seemed to me that the first step toward its solution should consist in the attempt to produce larvae artificially from unfertilized eggs in various classes of animals.

Phototropism. --- Geotropism. --- Regeneration (Biology)