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Henry Hallam (1777-1859) was educated at King's College, Cambridge, and turned to the study of history and literature after tiring of the legal profession. In his first book, A View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages (1818), he documents the development of the English constitution until the demise of the house of Plantagenet at the end of the fifteenth century. A direct continuation of this theme, and Hallam's most famous book, this two-volume work covers a three-century period from the reign of Henry VII to the death of George II in 1760. First published in 1827, it focuses on the history of the laws and institutions of England (including the Church of England); its somewhat arbitrary cut-off point was chosen because Hallam hoped to avoid the stirring of political passions then still in the recent past. Volume 1 covers the period from 1485 to 1642.

Constitutional History --- Political Science

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Political science --- State, The

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Scottish minister and social reformer Thomas Chalmers (1780-1847) is famous as the leader of the group of 470 ministers who left the Church of Scotland in 1843 to found the Free Church of Scotland, and as the author (in 1834) of the first Bridgewater Treatise (also reissued in this collection). Along with his theological interests, Chalmers was deeply concerned with educational reform in schools and universities. In 1827 he published this paper on university endowments, asserting that it was the state's responsibility to support religious and educational institutions, because churches, schools, and universities maintained the nation's Christian principles and character. Chalmers argued that only endowed national establishments were capable of ensuring the religious and moral well-being of the individual. In addition to his appeal for university endowments, he also advocated (unusually for his time) the extension of full civil rights to dissenters and Catholics.

Episcopal Church In Scotland --- Endowments --- Church And State --- Social Science --- Political Science