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"This pamphlet criticizes an earlier work by Father Bougeant, which discusses all the animal functions and operations of the brute-creations (which different philosophers had ascribed to different causes, such as mechanism, instinct, or substantial forms) as entirely owing to the operation of evil spirits. The present author considers Bougeant's discussion of (1) the understanding of brutes; and (2) the necessity of a language between brutes. The present author also notes that in the original article there is such a confusion of sentiments, such a jumble of light and darkness, truth and error, that one knows not where to being, or in what order to proceed, how to disentangle truth from error, to distinguish the cool dictates of reason and philosophy form the wild flights of imagination and fancy"--Book. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved).

Creation --- Natural history. --- Animals in the Bible.