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Book
Steric Effects in the Chemisorption of Vibrationally Excited Methane on Nickel
Authors: ---
ISBN: 9783642276798 Year: 2012 Publisher: Berlin Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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Abstract

Bruce Yoder's thesis outlines his investigation of the dissociative chemisorption of methane (CH4) on a nickel single crystal. In this work Bruce uses a molecular beam and infrared laser techniques to prepare methane in excited rovibrational states. The excited methane molecules are aligned relative to the target nickel surface. Bruce describes the discovery and exploration of a previously unknown steric effect in the dissociation reaction between a vibrationally excited methane molecule and a nickel crystal. From these studies we see that methane molecules are up to twice as reactive when the vibration is aligned parallel rather than perpendicular to the surface. This discovery will help guide the development of detailed predictive models of methane chemisorption, which in turn may lead to better catalysts for the synthesis of several industrially relevant chemicals, including hydrogen fuel from natural gas.


Book
Measuring Methane Production From Ruminants
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 9781402061332 Year: 2007 Publisher: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands

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The world's livestock sector is amidst a major transformation, fuelled by high demand for meat and milk, which is likely to double over the next two decades in developing countries. The major driving force behind this demand for livestock products is a combination of population growth, urbanization and income growth, especially in developing countries. The challenge is to enhance animal productivity without adversely affecting the environment. A key to this is reducing methane emissions from ruminants. The major limitation to ruminant production in many tropical regions of Africa, Asia and Latin America, where a large proportion of the global ruminant population is located, is poor nutrition. The productivity of animals is restricted by the low nitrogen and high fibre content of the native grasses and crop residues, which form the basis of the diets in these regions. Animals on these types of diets emit more methane than animals fed better quality temperate forages. These methane emissions represent a loss of digestible energy to the animal (up to 15%) as well as a threat to the environment. Reducing methane production by ruminants could improve their productivity, provided the efficiency of ruminal metabolism is not compromised, and reduce their contribution to greenhouse gas emissions. The challenge is to devise nutritional strategies and identify dietary components, particularly from locally available plant resources, that reduce methane emissions.


Book
Sustainable Approaches for Biofuels Production Technologies
Authors: --- --- --- --- --- et al.
ISBN: 9783319947976 Year: 2019 Publisher: Cham Springer International Publishing :Imprint: Springer

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