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Naturalists --- Biography --- Lamarck, Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet de --- -Historians, Natural --- Natural historians --- Scientists --- -Biography --- Lamarck, Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet de, --- Lamarck, J. B. --- Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste de, --- Lamark, Zhan Batist P'er Antuan, --- Monet de Lamarck, Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de, --- Ramaruku, --- Naturalists - France - Biography --- Lamarck --- Lamarck, Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet de, - 1744-1829 --- Météorologie --- Biologie --- Sciences --- Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste de Monet de (1744-1829) --- France --- Biographie --- 18e-19e siècles --- Lamarck, Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet de, 1744-1829

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Historians of science have long noted the influence of the nineteenth-century political economist Thomas Robert Malthus on Charles Darwin. In a bold move, Piers J. Hale contends that this focus on Malthus and his effect on Darwin's evolutionary thought neglects a strong anti-Malthusian tradition in English intellectual life, one that not only predated the 1859 publication of the Origin of Species but also persisted throughout the Victorian period until World War I. Political Descent reveals that two evolutionary and political traditions developed in England in the wake of the 1832 Reform Act: one Malthusian, the other decidedly anti-Malthusian and owing much to the ideas of the French naturalist Jean Baptiste Lamarck. These two traditions, Hale shows, developed in a context of mutual hostility, debate, and refutation. Participants disagreed not only about evolutionary processes but also on broader questions regarding the kind of creature our evolution had made us and in what kind of society we ought therefore to live. Significantly, and in spite of Darwin's acknowledgement that natural selection was "the doctrine of Malthus, applied to the whole animal and vegetable kingdoms," both sides of the debate claimed to be the more correctly "Darwinian." By exploring the full spectrum of scientific and political issues at stake, Political Descent offers a novel approach to the relationship between evolution and political thought in the Victorian and Edwardian eras.

Social evolution --- Evolution (Biology) and the social sciences --- Political science --- Social Darwinism --- Evolution (Biology) --- Malthusianism --- Mutualism --- Political aspects. --- History --- Malthus, T. R. --- Lamarck, Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet de, --- Influence. --- politics, political, mutualism, evolution, victorian england, victorianism, history, science, historical, 19th century, europe, english, british, economics, economist, charles darwin, thomas robert malthus, demography, population growth, intellectualism, origin of species, 1832 reform act, jean baptiste lamarck, naturalism, refutation, debate, hostility, society, cultural studies, biology, darwinian, darwinism, morality, ethics, meaning, culture.

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Reading the Shape of Nature vividly recounts the turbulent early history of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard and the contrasting careers of its founder Louis Agassiz and his son Alexander. Through the story of this institution and the individuals who formed it, Mary P. Winsor explores the conflicting forces that shaped systematics in the second half of the nineteenth century. Debates over the philosophical foundations of classification, details of taxonomic research, the young institution's financial struggles, and the personalities of the men most deeply involved are all brought to life. In 1859, Louis Agassiz established the Museum of Comparative Zoology to house research on the ideal types that he believed were embodied in all living forms. Agassiz's vision arose from his insistence that the order inherent in the diversity of life reflected divine creation, not organic evolution. But the mortar of the new museum had scarcely dried when Darwin's Origin was published. By Louis Agassiz's death in 1873, even his former students, including his son Alexander, had defected to the evolutionist camp. Alexander, a self-made millionaire, succeeded his father as director and introduced a significantly different agenda for the museum. To trace Louis and Alexander's arguments and the style of science they established at the museum, Winsor uses many fascinating examples that even zoologists may find unfamiliar. The locus of all this activity, the museum building itself, tells its own story through a wonderful series of archival photographs.

Animals --- Natural history --- Naturalists --- History. --- Classification --- Agassiz, Louis, --- Agassiz, Alexander, --- Barbour, Thomas, --- Harvard University. --- zoology, harvard, museum, louis agassiz, science, academia, classification, taxonomy, biodiversity, creation, evolution, natural history, animals, biology, thomas barbour, echinoderms, crayfish, walter faxon, nonfiction, founding, funding, agenda, biography, father and son, scientific debate, research, scholars, insects, lamarck, specimens, display, exhibition.

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A comprehensive history of the biological sciences from antiquity to the modern eraThis book presents a global history of the biological sciences from ancient times to today, providing needed perspective on the development of biological thought while shedding light on the field's upheavals and key breakthroughs through the ages. Michel Morange brings to life the dynamic interplay of science, society, and biology’s many subdisciplines, enabling readers to better appreciate the interdisciplinary exchanges that have shaped the field over the centuries.Each chapter of this incisive book focuses on a specific period in the history of biology, describing the major transformations that occurred, the enduring scientific concerns behind these changes, and the implications of yesterday's science for today's. Morange covers everything from the first cell theory to the origins of the concept of ecosystems, and offers perspectives on areas that are often neglected by historians of biology, such as ecology, ethology, and plant biology. Along the way, he highlights the contributions of technology, the important role of hypothesis and experimentation, and the cultural contexts in which some of the most breathtaking discoveries in biology were made.Unrivaled in scope and written by a world-renowned historian of science, A History of Biology is an ideal introduction for students and experts alike, and essential reading for anyone seeking to understand the present state of biological knowledge.

Biology --- Life sciences --- Biology. --- Life (Biology) --- Natural history --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- History. --- Alfred Russel Wallace. --- Aristotle. --- DNA. --- Darwin. --- Galen. --- Lamarck. --- Leeuwenhoek. --- Linnaeus. --- Mendel. --- Pasteur. --- Rachel Carson. --- Robert Hooke. --- Thomas Hunt Morgan. --- Vesalius. --- Watson and Crick. --- William Harvey. --- analogy in science. --- biological organisms, biological networks. --- epigenetics. --- evolutionary biology. --- functional biology. --- genetics. --- genomics. --- history of medicine. --- history of science. --- mathematics in biology. --- mechanistic. --- metaphor in science. --- molecular. --- molecularizing life. --- physics in biology. --- scientific revolution. --- scientific revolutions.