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The concept of mass is one of the most fundamental notions in physics, comparable in importance only to those of space and time. But in contrast to the latter, which are the subject of innumerable physical and philosophical studies, the concept of mass has been but rarely investigated. Here Max Jammer, a leading philosopher and historian of physics, provides a concise but comprehensive, coherent, and self-contained study of the concept of mass as it is defined, interpreted, and applied in contemporary physics and as it is critically examined in the modern philosophy of science. With its focus on theories proposed after the mid-1950s, the book is the first of its kind, covering the most recent experimental and theoretical investigations into the nature of mass and its role in modern physics, from the realm of elementary particles to the cosmology of galaxies. The book begins with an analysis of the persistent difficulties of defining inertial mass in a noncircular manner and discusses the related question of whether mass is an observational or a theoretical concept. It then studies the notion of mass in special relativity and the delicate problem of whether the relativistic rest mass is the only legitimate notion of mass and whether it is identical with the classical (Newtonian) mass. This is followed by a critical analysis of the different derivations of the famous mass-energy relationship E = mc2 and its conflicting interpretations. Jammer then devotes a chapter to the distinction between inertial and gravitational mass and to the various versions of the so-called equivalence principle with which Newton initiated his Principia but which also became the starting point of Einstein's general relativity, which supersedes Newtonian physics. The book concludes with a presentation of recently proposed global and local dynamical theories of the origin and nature of mass. Destined to become a much-consulted reference for philosophers and physicists, this book is also written for the nonprofessional general reader interested in the foundations of physics.

Gravitational mass --- Inertial mass --- Mass (Physics) --- Physics --- Philosophy. --- Force and energy --- Gravitation --- Inertia (Mechanics) --- Matter --- Mechanics --- Moments of inertia --- Weight (Physics) --- Properties --- Philosophy --- Physique --- Philosophie --- Physics - Philosophy

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Dark matter is among the most important open problems in modern physics. Aimed at graduate students and researchers, this book describes the theoretical and experimental aspects of the dark matter problem in particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology. Featuring contributions from 48 leading theorists and experimentalists, it presents many aspects, from astrophysical observations to particle physics candidates, and from the prospects for detection at colliders to direct and indirect searches. The book introduces observational evidence for dark matter along with a detailed discussion of the state-of-the-art of numerical simulations and alternative explanations in terms of modified gravity. It then moves on to the candidates arising from theories beyond the Standard Model of particle physics, and to the prospects for detection at accelerators. It concludes by looking at direct and indirect dark matter searches, and the prospects for detecting the particle nature of dark matter with astrophysical experiments.

Dark matter (Astronomy) --- Mass (Physics) --- Dark matter (Astronomy). --- Mass (Physics). --- Matière sombre (Astronomie) --- Matière sombre (Astronomie) --- Gravitational mass --- Inertial mass --- Force and energy --- Gravitation --- Inertia (Mechanics) --- Matter --- Mechanics --- Moments of inertia --- Weight (Physics) --- Nonluminous matter (Astronomy) --- Unobserved matter (Astronomy) --- Unseen matter (Astronomy) --- Interstellar matter --- History. --- Properties

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Paleoseismology --- Subduction zones --- Tsunamis --- History --- 551.466.6 --- Earthquake sea waves --- Seismic sea waves --- Seismic surges --- Tidal waves --- Tunamis --- Natural disasters --- Ocean waves --- Zones, Subduction --- Plate tectonics --- Holocene Epoch --- Late Quaternary Period --- Postglacial Epoch --- Recent Epoch --- Historical seismicity --- Historical seismology --- Palaeoseismology --- Paleoseismicity --- Seismicity, Historical --- Paleogeophysics --- Seismology --- Long waves (tidal waves). Inertia oscillations, seiches etc. Seismic sea waves, tsunamis --- Special issues --- 551.466.6 Long waves (tidal waves). Inertia oscillations, seiches etc. Seismic sea waves, tsunamis --- J7400 --- Japan: Science and technology -- geology --- Paleoseismology - Northwest, Pacific --- Paleoseismology - Holocene --- Subduction zones - Northwest, Pacific --- Tsunamis - Japan - History - 18th century - Sources

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This book develops a general analysis and synthesis framework for impulsive and hybrid dynamical systems. Such a framework is imperative for modern complex engineering systems that involve interacting continuous-time and discrete-time dynamics with multiple modes of operation that place stringent demands on controller design and require implementation of increasing complexity--whether advanced high-performance tactical fighter aircraft and space vehicles, variable-cycle gas turbine engines, or air and ground transportation systems. Impulsive and Hybrid Dynamical Systems goes beyond similar treatments by developing invariant set stability theorems, partial stability, Lagrange stability, boundedness, ultimate boundedness, dissipativity theory, vector dissipativity theory, energy-based hybrid control, optimal control, disturbance rejection control, and robust control for nonlinear impulsive and hybrid dynamical systems. A major contribution to mathematical system theory and control system theory, this book is written from a system-theoretic point of view with the highest standards of exposition and rigor. It is intended for graduate students, researchers, and practitioners of engineering and applied mathematics as well as computer scientists, physicists, and other scientists who seek a fundamental understanding of the rich dynamical behavior of impulsive and hybrid dynamical systems.

Automatic control. --- Control theory. --- Dynamics. --- Discrete-time systems. --- Dynamical systems --- Kinetics --- Mathematics --- Mechanics, Analytic --- Force and energy --- Mechanics --- Physics --- Statics --- Dynamics --- Machine theory --- Control engineering --- Control equipment --- Control theory --- Engineering instruments --- Automation --- Programmable controllers --- DES (System analysis) --- Discrete event systems --- Sampled-data systems --- Digital control systems --- Discrete mathematics --- System analysis --- Linear time invariant systems --- Actuator. --- Adaptive control. --- Algorithm. --- Amplitude. --- Analog computer. --- Arbitrarily large. --- Asymptote. --- Asymptotic analysis. --- Axiom. --- Balance equation. --- Bode plot. --- Boundedness. --- Calculation. --- Center of mass (relativistic). --- Coefficient of restitution. --- Continuous function. --- Convex set. --- Differentiable function. --- Differential equation. --- Dissipation. --- Dissipative system. --- Dynamical system. --- Dynamical systems theory. --- Energy. --- Equations of motion. --- Equilibrium point. --- Escapement. --- Euler–Lagrange equation. --- Exponential stability. --- Forms of energy. --- Hamiltonian mechanics. --- Hamiltonian system. --- Hermitian matrix. --- Hooke's law. --- Hybrid system. --- Identity matrix. --- Inequality (mathematics). --- Infimum and supremum. --- Initial condition. --- Instability. --- Interconnection. --- Invariance theorem. --- Isolated system. --- Iterative method. --- Jacobian matrix and determinant. --- Lagrangian (field theory). --- Lagrangian system. --- Lagrangian. --- Likelihood-ratio test. --- Limit cycle. --- Limit set. --- Linear function. --- Linearization. --- Lipschitz continuity. --- Lyapunov function. --- Lyapunov stability. --- Mass balance. --- Mathematical optimization. --- Melting. --- Mixture. --- Moment of inertia. --- Momentum. --- Monotonic function. --- Negative feedback. --- Nonlinear programming. --- Nonlinear system. --- Nonnegative matrix. --- Optimal control. --- Ordinary differential equation. --- Orthant. --- Parameter. --- Partial differential equation. --- Passive dynamics. --- Poincaré conjecture. --- Potential energy. --- Proof mass. --- Quantity. --- Rate function. --- Requirement. --- Robust control. --- Second law of thermodynamics. --- Semi-infinite. --- Small-gain theorem. --- Special case. --- Spectral radius. --- Stability theory. --- State space. --- Stiffness. --- Supply (economics). --- Telecommunication. --- Theorem. --- Transpose. --- Uncertainty. --- Uniform boundedness. --- Uniqueness. --- Vector field. --- Vibration. --- Zeroth (software). --- Zeroth law of thermodynamics.