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Crusades --- Military history, Medieval. --- Medieval military history --- Barons' Crusade, 1096-1099 --- First Crusade, 1096-1099 --- Princes' Crusade, 1096-1099 --- Crusades - First, 1096-1099.

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"Fred C. Schwarz (1913-2009) was an Australian-born medical doctor and evangelical preacher who settled in the United States in the early 1950s, where he founded the Christian Anti-Communism Crusade. His work as an anticommunist educator spanned five decades; his campaigns attracted large crowds, strengthened grassroots conservatism, and influenced political leaders. By the late 1950s, the Crusade had become one of the most important conservative organizations in America, turning numerous citizens into lifelong right-wing militants. In Teaching Anticommunism, Hubert Villeneuve sheds light on Schwarz's fascinating career and organization, which left a distinct mark on the United States and was also active internationally. Cold War anticommunism in the US consisted of more than the House Un-American Activities Committee and the campaign led by Senator Joseph McCarthy. Villeneuve shows that, by the early 1960s, Schwarz's Crusade was an integral part of a burgeoning American anticommunist subculture that united grassroots conservatives of all stripes. Its influence continued, paving the way for the development of the "New Right" that began in the 1970s. In addition to exploring the life and work of Schwarz, the book highlights the transnational dimension of US conservatism by outlining the Crusade's role in worldwide anticommunist networks that operated throughout the Cold War. Packed with unnerving evidence but leavened with humorous anecdotes and insights into a mercurial figure, Teaching Anticommunism provides a unique perspective on the evolution of the contemporary American right wing and its global connections."

Christian Anti-Communism Crusade. --- Conservatism --- History --- Schwarz, Fred,

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According to tradition, the First Crusade began at the instigation of Pope Urban II and culminated in July 1099, when thousands of western European knights liberated Jerusalem from the rising menace of Islam. But what if the First Crusade's real catalyst lay far to the east of Rome? In this groundbreaking book, countering nearly a millennium of scholarship, Peter Frankopan reveals the untold history of the First Crusade.Nearly all historians of the First Crusade focus on the papacy and its willing warriors in the West, along with innumerable popular tales of bravery, tragedy, and resilience. In sharp contrast, Frankopan examines events from the East, in particular from Constantinople, seat of the Christian Byzantine Empire. The result is revelatory. The true instigator of the First Crusade, we see, was the Emperor Alexios I Komnenos, who in 1095, with his realm under siege from the Turks and on the point of collapse, begged the pope for military support. Basing his account on long-ignored eastern sources, Frankopan also gives a provocative and highly original explanation of the world-changing events that followed the First Crusade. The Vatican's victory cemented papal power, while Constantinople, the heart of the still-vital Byzantine Empire, never recovered. As a result, both Alexios and Byzantium were consigned to the margins of history. From Frankopan's revolutionary work, we gain a more faithful understanding of the way the taking of Jerusalem set the stage for western Europe's dominance up to the present day and shaped the modern world.

Crusades --- Barons' Crusade, 1096-1099 --- First Crusade, 1096-1099 --- Princes' Crusade, 1096-1099 --- Alexius --- Alexios --- Comnenus, Alexius, --- Komnēnos, Alexios, --- Kumnīn, Aliksiyūs, --- Alexis --- Comnène, Alexis, --- Komnin, Alekseĭ, --- Byzantine Empire --- History

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For much of the twelfth century the ideals and activities of crusaders were often described in language more normally associated with a monastic rather than a military vocation; like those who took religious vows, crusaders were repeatedly depicted as being driven by a desire to imitate Christ and to live according to the values of the primitive Church. This book argues that the significance of these descriptions has yet to be fully appreciated, and suggests that the origins and early development of crusading should be studied within the context of the 'reformation' of professed religious life in the twelfth century, whose leading figures [such as St Bernard of Clairvaux] advocated the pursuit of devotional undertakings that were modelled on the lives of Christ and his apostles. It also considers topics such as the importance of pilgrimage to early crusading ideology and the relationship between the spirituality of crusading and the activities of the Military Orders, offering a revisionist assessment of how crusading ideas adapted and evolved when introduced to the Iberian peninsula in c.1120. In so doing, the book situates crusading within a broader context of changes in the religious culture of the medieval West. --from publisher description.

Crusades --- Croisades --- 940.181 --- Kruistochten --- 940.181 Kruistochten --- Barons' Crusade, 1096-1099 --- First Crusade, 1096-1099 --- Princes' Crusade, 1096-1099 --- Second Crusade, 1147-1149 --- Crusading. --- Holy Land. --- Iberia. --- Imitation of Christ. --- Medieval Europe. --- Medieval history. --- Medieval spirituality. --- Military Orders. --- Religious culture.

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The idea of what an "eyewitness" account is here scrutinised through examination of key Crusading texts. "Eyewitness" is a familiar label that historians apply to numerous pieces of evidence. It carries compelling connotations of trustworthiness and particular proximity to the lived experience of historical actors. But it has received surprisingly little critical attention. This book seeks to open up discussion of what we mean when we label a historical source in this way. Through a close analysis of accounts of the Second, Third and Fourth Crusades, as well as an in-depth discussion of recent research by cognitive and social psychologists into perception and memory, this book challenges historians of the Middle Ages to revisit their often unexamined assumptions about the place of eyewitness narratives within the taxonomies of historical evidence. It is for the most part impossible to situate the authors of the texts studied here, viewed as historical actors, in precise spatial and temporal relation to the action that they purport to describe. Nor can we ever be truly certain what they actually saw. In what, therefore, does the authors' eyewitness status reside, and is this, indeed, a valid category of analysis? This book argues that the most productive way in which to approach the figure of the autoptic author is not as some floating presence close to historical events, validating our knowledge of them, but as an artefact of the text's meaning-making operations, in particular as these are opened up to scrutiny by narratological concepts such as the narrator, focalization and storyworld. The conclusion that emerges is that there is no single understanding of eyewitness running through the texts, for all their substantive and thematic similarities; each fashions its narratorial voice in different ways as a function of its particular story-telling strategies. MARCUS BULL is Andrew W Mellon Distinguished Professor of Medieval and Early Modern Studies at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.

Crusades --- Narration (Rhetoric) --- Narrative (Rhetoric) --- Narrative writing --- Rhetoric --- Discourse analysis, Narrative --- Narratees (Rhetoric) --- Church history --- Middle Ages --- Chivalry --- Crusades (Fourth : 1202-1204) --- Crusades (Second : 1147-1149) --- Crusades (Third : 1189-1192) --- Crusade. --- Eyewitness narratives. --- Eyewitness. --- Fourth Crusade. --- Historical evidence. --- Middle Ages. --- Narration. --- Perception. --- Second Crusade. --- Storytelling strategies. --- Third Crusade. --- crusade narrative. --- crusades. --- eyewitness accounts. --- historical accounts. --- historical evidence. --- medieval history. --- narration. --- narrative analysis. --- perception. --- story-telling strategies.