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"Neurocriminology's focus on the brain and reliance on cutting-edge technologies have helped to rewrite its history as a science used to support eugenics, racism, and genocide, and reclaim the program's credibility. However, as Oliver Rollins carefully elucidates, many questions remain about how this new rendition of an old scientific tradition will address accusations of bias and discrimination that have surrounded it since its inception. Rollins argues that because controversy has always been part of its story it is now being leveraged by scientists to justify new developments, and thus continued use of, the research"--

Violence --- Neurosciences --- Physiological aspects. --- Moral and ethical aspects. --- Social aspects. --- antisocial behavior. --- biosocial. --- determinism. --- inequality. --- nature/nature. --- neuro-prediction. --- neuroimaging. --- scientific progress. --- scientific racism. --- violent brain.

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A distinctive feature of the conflict in Northern Ireland over the past forty years has been the way Catholic and Protestant paramilitaries have policed their own communities. This has mainly involved the violent punishment of petty criminals involved in joyriding and other types of antisocial behavior. Between 1973 and 2007, more than 5,000 nonmilitary shootings and assaults were attributed to paramilitaries punishing their own people. But despite the risk of severe punishment, young petty offenders--known locally as "hoods"--continue to offend, creating a puzzle for the rational theory of criminal deterrence. Why do hoods behave in ways that invite violent punishment? In The Hoods, Heather Hamill explains why this informal system of policing and punishment developed and endured and why such harsh punishments as beatings, "kneecappings," and exile have not stopped hoods from offending. Drawing on a variety of sources, including interviews with perpetrators and victims of this violence, the book argues that the hoods' risky offending may amount to a game in which hoods gain prestige by displaying hard-to-fake signals of toughness to each other. Violent physical punishment feeds into this signaling game, increasing the hoods' status by proving that they have committed serious offenses and can "manfully" take punishment yet remained undeterred. A rare combination of frontline research and pioneering ideas, The Hoods has important implications for our fundamental understanding of crime and punishment.

Paramilitary forces --- Punishment --- Juvenile delinquents --- Criminals --- Crime --- Penalties (Criminal law) --- Penology --- Corrections --- Impunity --- Retribution --- Delinquents --- Delinquents, Juvenile --- Juvenile offenders --- Offenders, Juvenile --- Offenders, Youthful --- Young offenders --- Youthful offenders --- Youth --- Crime and criminals --- Offenders --- Persons --- Criminal justice, Administration of --- Criminology --- City crime --- Crimes --- Delinquency --- Felonies --- Misdemeanors --- Urban crime --- Social problems --- Criminal law --- Transgression (Ethics) --- Forces, Paramilitary --- Paramilitaries --- Armed Forces --- Military art and science --- Social aspects --- Belfast. --- Catholic paramilitaries. --- Catholics. --- IRA. --- Irish Republican Army. --- Loyalist paramilitaries. --- Loyalists. --- Northern Ireland. --- PPAs. --- Protestant paramilitaries. --- Protestants. --- Republicans. --- adult males. --- antisocial behavior. --- antisocial behaviors. --- antisocial behaviour. --- civil conflict. --- community recognition. --- conflict. --- crime. --- criminal deterrence. --- delinquency. --- deterrence. --- extralegal governance. --- group acceptance. --- hoods' subculture. --- hoods. --- joyriding. --- juvenile delinquency. --- offense patterns. --- ordinary crime. --- paramilitary groups. --- paramilitary punishment attacks. --- petty offenders. --- police. --- policing. --- political conflict. --- politics. --- prestige. --- punishment. --- relationships. --- research data. --- research methods. --- self-destructive behaviors. --- signaling game. --- status. --- statutory criminal justice system. --- subculture. --- toughness. --- violence. --- working-class Catholics. --- working-class culture. --- Militias (Paramilitary forces) --- Private militias

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Juvenile Delinquency --- CULTURAL DEPRIVATION, in infancy and childhood --- Antisocial Personality Disorder --- Antisocial personality disorders --- Deprivation (Psychology) --- Parental deprivation --- Child psychotherapy --- World War, 1939-1945 --- psychology --- in infancy & childhood --- Residential treatment --- Children --- Evacuation of civilians --- Child. --- Infant. --- Antisocial Personality Disorder. --- Cultural Deprivation. --- 343.946 <41> --- Antisocial Personality --- Dyssocial Behavior --- Personality Disorder, Antisocial --- Psychopathic Personality --- Sociopathic Personality --- Antisocial Personalities --- Antisocial Personality Disorders --- Behavior, Dyssocial --- Behaviors, Dyssocial --- Disorder, Antisocial Personality --- Disorders, Antisocial Personality --- Dyssocial Behaviors --- Personalities, Antisocial --- Personalities, Psychopathic --- Personalities, Sociopathic --- Personality Disorders, Antisocial --- Personality, Antisocial --- Personality, Psychopathic --- Personality, Sociopathic --- Psychopathic Personalities --- Sociopathic Personalities --- Social Behavior Disorders --- Conduct Disorder --- Infants --- Minors --- Cultural Disadvantagement --- Cultural Deprivations --- Cultural Disadvantagements --- Deprivation, Cultural --- Deprivations, Cultural --- Disadvantagement, Cultural --- Disadvantagements, Cultural --- Poverty --- psychology. --- Jeugddelinkwentie--Verenigd Koninkrijk van Groot-Brittannië en Noord-Ierland --- Antisocial personality disorders. --- Juvenile delinquency. --- Parental deprivation. --- Residential treatment. --- Deprivation (Psychology). --- 343.946 <41> Jeugddelinkwentie--Verenigd Koninkrijk van Groot-Brittannië en Noord-Ierland --- Juvenile delinquency --- Child --- Cultural Deprivation --- Infant --- Deprivation, Parental --- Parent and child --- Delinquency, Juvenile --- Juvenile crime --- Conduct disorders in children --- Crime --- Juvenile corrections --- Reformatories --- Loss (Psychology) --- Psychology --- Residential treatment of disturbed children --- Psychopathic personality --- Sociopathic personality --- Personality disorders --- Institutional care --- #GSDBP --- Antisocial Behavior --- Antisocial Behaviors --- Behavior, Antisocial --- Behaviors, Antisocial --- Juvenile Delinquency - psychology --- Antisocial Personality Disorder - in infancy & childhood --- Child psychotherapy - Residential treatment --- World War, 1939-1945 - Children - Great Britain --- World War, 1939-1945 - Evacuation of civilians - Great Britain