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St Peter's Basilica in Rome is arguably the most important church in Western Christendom, and is among the most significant buildings anywhere in the world. However, the church that is visible today is a youthful upstart, only four hundred years old compared to the twelve-hundred-year-old church whose site it occupies. A very small proportion of the original is now extant, entirely covered over by the new basilica, but enough survives to make reconstruction of the first St Peter's possible and much new evidence has been uncovered in the past thirty years. This is the first full study of the older church, from its late antique construction to Renaissance destruction, in its historical context. An international team of historians, art historians, archaeologists and liturgists explores aspects of the basilica's history, from its physical fabric to the activities that took place within its walls and its relationship with the city of Rome.

Church architecture --- Church history --- Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano --- History --- Vatican City --- Antiquities --- Buildings, structures, etc. --- Architecture chrétienne --- Eglise --- Histoire --- History. --- Vatican --- Antiquités --- Constructions --- Church architecture - Vatican City --- Church history - Middle Ages, 600-1500 --- Roma --- San Pietro (Roma) --- Vatican City - Antiquities --- Vatican City - Buildings, structures, etc. --- Arts and Humanities --- Antiquities. --- Christianity --- Ecclesiastical architecture --- Rood-lofts --- Christian art and symbolism --- Religious architecture --- Architecture, Gothic --- Church buildings --- Middle Ages, 600-1500 --- San Pietro in Vaticano (Basilica) --- Basilica vaticana --- Saint Peter's Cathedral (Vatican City) --- Vatican City. --- S. Pietro in Vaticano (Basilica) --- St. Peter's (Basilica : Vatican City) --- Basilique de Saint-Pierre (Vatican City) --- Basilica Sancti Petri (Vatican City) --- Sanctus Petrus (Basilica : Vatican City) --- Basilica papale di San Pietro in Vaticano --- City of the Vatican --- Città del Vaticano --- Vatikana --- Vatican City State --- Stato della Città del Vaticano --- Miejsce Piotrowe --- Wieczne Miasto --- Watykan --- Cité du Vatican --- Stolica Apostolska --- Civitas Vaticana --- Status Civitatis Vaticanae --- Holy See --- Holy See (Vatican City State) --- Holy See (Vatican City) --- Santa Sede --- Santa Sede (Stato della Città del Vaticano) --- Santa Sede (Città del Vaticano) --- State of the Vatican City --- Città Vaticano --- Papal States