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Interpretatie van de uit vrije keus of door sociaal-economische omstandigheden gedwongen concentratie van groepen allochtonen in bepaalde stadsdelen in Amsterdam.
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As the United States championed principles of freedom and equality during World War II, it denied fundamental rights to many non-white citizens. In the wake of President Franklin Roosevelt’s “Good Neighbor” policy with Latin America, African American and Mexican American civil rights leaders sought ways to make that policy of respect and mutual obligations apply at home as well as abroad. They argued that a whites-only democracy not only denied constitutional protection to every citizen but also threatened the war effort and FDR’s aims.Neil Foley examines the complex interplay among regional, national, and international politics that plagued the efforts of Mexican Americans and African Americans to find common ground in ending employment discrimination in the defense industries and school segregation in the war years and beyond. Underlying differences in organizational strength, political affiliation, class position, and level of assimilation complicated efforts by Mexican and black Americans to forge strategic alliances in their fight for economic and educational equality. The prospect of interracial cooperation foundered as Mexican American civil rights leaders saw little to gain and much to lose in joining hands with African Americans.Over a half century later, African American and Latino civil rights organizations continue to seek solutions to relevant issues, including the persistence of de facto segregation in our public schools and the widening gap in wealth and income in America. Yet they continue to grapple with the difficulty of forging solidarity across lines of cultural, class, and racial-ethnic difference, a struggle that remains central to contemporary American life.
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In 1896 the US Supreme Court upheld "equal but separate accommodations for the white and coloured races" on all passenger railways in Louisiana. This account traces the roots of that landmark case in post-Civil War America, focusing on its constitutional, legal and intellectual implications.
Segregation in transportation --- Segregation in education --- Law and legislation --- History.
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African Americans --- School integration --- Employment. --- Housing. --- Segregation.
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Social classes --- Educational equalization --- Segregation in education --- Discrimination in education --- African Americans --- Education --- Segregation
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In 1987 Judge Russell Clark mandated tax increases to help pay for improvements to the Kansas City, Missouri, School District in an effort to lure white students and quality teachers back to the inner-city district. Yet even after increasing employee salaries and constructing elaborate facilities at a cost of more than 2 billion, the district remained overwhelmingly segregated and student achievement remained far below national averages. Just eight years later the U.S. Supreme Court began reversing these initiatives, signifying a major retreat from Brown v. Board of Education.
Segregation in education - Law and legislation - Missouri - Kansas City. --- Segregation in education -- Law and legislation -- Missouri -- Kansas City. --- Segregation in education - Law and legislation - United States. --- Segregation in education -- Law and legislation -- United States. --- Segregation in education --- Law - U.S. --- Law, Politics & Government --- Law - U.S. - General --- Law and legislation --- Education --- School segregation --- Segregation --- Discrimination in education --- Race relations in school management --- School integration
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The period between 1880 and 1918, at the end of which Jim Crow was firmly established and the Great Migration of African Americans was well under way, was not the nadir for black culture, James Smethurst reveals, but instead a time of profound response from African American intellectuals. The African American Roots of Modernism explores how the Jim Crow system triggered significant artistic and intellectual responses from African American writers, deeply marking the beginnings of literary modernism and, ultimately, notions of American modernity.In identifying the Jim Crow period
Modernism (Literature) --- African Americans --- Segregation in literature. --- American literature --- Jim Crowism --- Segregation --- Intellectual life --- Segregation. --- African American authors --- History and criticism. --- Social conditions
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Segregation --- History. --- Cradock (South Africa) --- Social conditions --- Race relations
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Segregation in education --- School integration --- Law and legislation
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Examines segregation and its impact on social divisions and the peace process.
Segregation --- Violence --- Social conflict --- Belfast (Northern Ireland) --- Social conditions
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