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Should an employee be allowed to wear a religious symbol at work? Should a religious employer be allowed to impose constraints on employees' private lives for the sake of enforcing a religious work ethos? Should an employee or service provider be allowed, on religious grounds, to refuse to work with customers of the opposite sex or of a same-sex sexual orientation? This book explores how judges decide these issues and defends a democratic approach, which is conducive to a more democratic understanding of our vivre ensemble. The normative democratic approach proposed in this book is grounded on a sociological and historical analysis of two national stories of the relationships between law, religion, diversity and the State, the British (mainly English) and the French stories. The book then puts the democratic paradigm to the test, by looking at cases involving clashes between religious freedoms and competing rights in the workplace. Contrary to the current alternative between the "accommodationist view", which defers to religious requests, and the "analogous" view, which undermines the importance of religious freedom for pluralism, this book offers a third way. It fills a gap in the literature on the relationships between law and religious freedoms and provides guidelines for judges confronted with difficult cases.

Freedom of religion --- Religious minorities --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Freedom of religion - France --- Freedom of religion - Great Britain --- Religious minorities - Legal status, laws, etc. - France --- Religious minorities - Legal status, laws, etc. - Great Britain --- France --- Great Britain

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"Focusing on case studies such as the international fight against the slave trade (1807-1890), the military interventions of the major European powers on humanitarian emergency aid for Christian minorities in the Ottoman Empire (1827-1878) and the intervention of the United States in the Cuban War of Independence (1898), the book investigates the emergence of the military practice and related legal debates on the protection of humanitarian norms by violent means. The central result of the book is that the idea of humanitarian intervention established itself as a recognized instrument in international politics during this period. In this respect, the international fight against the slave trade became the primal type of this new practice and played a key role in the emergence of a new understanding of humanitarian interventionism. As a result, guidelines under international law were developed, which served as justification for military intervention in various crisis regions of the world. Thus, the "long 19th century" can be indeed described as the genuine "century of humanitarian intervention", in which military interventionism under the banner of humanity was significantly intertwined with colonial and imperial projects"--

Humanitarian intervention --- Antislavery movements --- Religious minorities --- Humanitarian assistance, American --- History --- Turkey --- Cuba

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"The foundational principle of this book is the sacred rights enumerated in the United States Constitution, specifically, in the First and Thirteenth Amendments. With the politicization of the LGBTQ movement, concern for these rights have again come to the forefront of American jurisprudence. The rights enumerated in these amendments have frequently been violated by the various states when, in the name of public accommodation laws, they have attempted to force Christian business owners and religious entities to facilitate events, provide services, express opinions, change attitudes, or to enter into associations that violate their religious consciences. The book explores what it means to have free exercise of religion, free speech, and to be free of involuntary servitude in the context of the contending rights claimed by LGBTQ individuals. LGBTQ rights are neither denied nor disparaged, but the author argues that the constitutional rights of religious dissenters should not be denied or disparaged either. He also argues that when constitutional rights clash with statutory obligations, the former always triumphs. This has always been black letter law, and remains so in all cases except those in which LGBTQ rights clash with those of Christians. The book is not just a legal monograph. It engages political, philosophical, and sociological issues such as freedom v. equality, socialism v. republicanism, the liberal-progressive agenda in higher education, and the many benefits Christianity has bestowed on Western civilization. The underlying theme, however, remains, and that theme is that if we lose the freedom of religious conscience which the founding fathers made the "first freedom", we will lose all freedom"--

Discrimination in public accommodations --- Religious minorities --- Freedom of religion --- Law and legislation --- Legal status, laws, etc.

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The Turkish Republic was founded simultaneously on the ideal of universal citizenship and on acts of extraordinary exclusionary violence. Today, nearly a century later, the claims of minority communities and the politics of pluralism continue to ignite explosive debate. The Reckoning of Pluralism centers on the case of Turkey's Alevi community, a sizeable Muslim minority in a Sunni majority state. Alevis have seen their loyalty to the state questioned and experienced sectarian hostility, and yet their community is also championed by state ideologues as bearers of the nation's folkl

Nosairians --- Religious minorities --- Religious pluralism --- Islamic sects --- Islam and state --- Nationalism --- Secularism --- Pluralism (Religion) --- Pluralism --- Religion --- Religions --- Minorities --- Political aspects

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Written by the Qadi (judge) of the Shari'a Court of Jerusalem and former director of the Shari'a Court system in Israel, this book offers a unique perspective on the religious law of Muslim minorities living in the West. Specifically, it explores the fiqh al-aqalliyyāt doctrine of religious jurisprudence developed by modern Islamic jurists to resolve the challenges of maintaining cultural and religious identity in majority non-Muslim societies. The author examines possible applications across numerous cultural and geographical contexts, answering such questions as: what are the rules for assuming political and public roles, and should one deposit money that incurs interest? Building on a growing scholarship, this book aims to resolve points of view and facets of religious law that have been neglected by previous studies. Accessibly written, Shari'a in the Modern Era is designed to promote cross-cultural understanding among readers of all faiths.

Islamic law --- Muslims --- Muslims in non-Muslim countries --- Religious minorities --- Fiqh al-aqallīyāt (Islamic law)