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The New York House of Refuge, the first institution in America to deal with the juvenile delinquent as a special problem, opened its doors in 1825. Deeply concerned with the plight of the thousands of children who roamed the New York City streets, many of them becoming professional criminals, a volunteer group called the Society for the Reformation of Juvenile Delinquents, founded the institution to rehabilitate “deviant” adolescents. This is the story of the critical early years of juvenile reform, which soon became a national movement. Current reform concepts are discussed in the Introduction and related to their seventeenth century origins, thus setting the stage for the 1825 world scene that gave rise to the Refuge idea. The following chapters trace events from their European background through the first administration of the House of Refuge, relating Refuge history to the changing character of penal institutions. No one knew how to turn delinquents into virtuous, industrious citizens. Trial and error approaches to solving the problem were often thwarted by the founders themselves, but some methods did prove successful. The personalities of the institution’s administrators and of their youthful charges come to life through diary and journal accounts kept by the leading characters in this description of one historic attempt at “taming of the deviant.” The House of Refuge finally closed in 1935, replaced by other institutions, but, as the author points out, problems remain today. The epilogue provides a broad sketch of the importance of the House of Refuge to current reform developments and present-day problems of juvenile delinquency. Extensive documentary information and occasional sidelights on the historical events under discussion can be found in the notes. Five tables present a sampling of 500 inmates of the House of Refuge, analyzed by ethnic origins, living arrangements, and family composition.

Juvenile delinquency --- House of Refuge (New York, N.Y.) --- New York. --- New York House of Refuge --- New York (N.Y.). --- History of the Americas

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Wildlife refuges --- Oil and gas leases --- Law and legislation --- Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (Alaska)

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Water and land interrelate in surprising and ambiguous ways, and riparian zones, where land and water meet, have effects far outside their boundaries. Using the Malheur Basin in southeastern Oregon as a case study, this intriguing and nuanced book explores the ways people have envisioned boundaries between water and land, the ways they have altered these places, and the often unintended results.The Malheur Basin, once home to the largest cattle empires in the world, experienced unintended widespread environmental degradation in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. After establishment in 1908 of Malheur National Wildlife Refuge as a protected breeding ground for migratory birds, and its expansion in the 1930s and 1940s, the area experienced equally extreme intended modifications aimed at restoring riparian habitat. Refuge managers ditched wetlands, channelized rivers, applied Agent Orange and rotenone to waterways, killed beaver, and cut down willows. Where Land and Water Meet examines the reasoning behind and effects of these interventions, gleaning lessons from their successes and failures.Although remote and specific, the Malheur Basin has myriad ecological and political connections to much larger places. This detailed look at one tangled history of riparian restoration shows how-through appreciation of the complexity of environmental and social influences on land use, and through effective handling of conflict-people can learn to practice a style of pragmatic adaptive resource management that avoids rigid adherence to single agendas and fosters improved relationships with the land.

Wetland management --- Nature --- Effect of human beings on --- Malheur National Wildlife Refuge (Or.) --- History.

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"Stephen R. Jones's collection of essays explores the natural and cultural history of the Sandhills, giving attention especially to the engaging and fragile beauty of the public-private ecosystems that surround and compose the Crescent Lake National Wildlife Refuge in western Nebraska"--

Sand dune ecology. --- Sandhills (Neb.) --- Crescent Lake National Wildlife Refuge (Neb.)

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Kinder sind anders (Maria Montessori). Dieser Erkenntnis sucht die Gesellschaft seit Generationen gerade bei der Ahndung von Straftaten Jugendlicher mehr oder weniger erfolgreich gerecht zu werden. Die Arbeit befasst sich erstmals umfassend mit den jugendstrafrechtlichen Kodifizierungen und Programmen, die sich in den vergangenen 400 Jahren in den Vereinigten Staaten im Spannungsfeld zwischen den Besonderheiten der Lebensphase Jugend und dem Umgang mit jugendlichen Straftätern herausgebildet haben. Systematisch zeichnet sie dabei die Entwicklungsphasen von der Aburteilung jugendlicher Täter nach dem Erwachsenenstrafrecht über die Einführung eines Jugendvollzugs und eigener Jugendgerichte bis zu den durch die massiven Verschärfungen der Behandlung junger Straftäter in den 1990er Jahren entstandenen Mischformen aus Jugendrecht und Erwachsenenstrafrecht nach. Die einzelnen Entwicklungsschritte werden in ihrem jeweiligen historischen, religiösen, politischen, sozial-kulturellen und wirtschaftlichen Kontext ausführlich dargestellt und analysiert.

Mittelalter --- Gegenwart --- Anfang 1600 bis 2015 --- Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika --- Jugendliche --- Entwicklung des Jugendstrafrechts --- House of Refuge --- Reform Schools --- Jugendgerichte --- Jugendvollzugseinrichtungen --- Strafrechtsreformen --- Juvenile Delinquent --- Gesellschaftliche Entwicklungen --- Epochenübergreifend