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Since 1898, the United States and the United Nations have deployed military force more than three dozen times in attempts to rebuild failed states. Currently there are more state-building campaigns in progress than at any time in the past century - including Afghanistan, Bosnia, Kosovo, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, Sudan, Liberia, Cote d'Ivoire, and Lebanon - and the number of candidate nations for such campaigns in the future is substantial. Even with a broad definition of success, earlier campaigns failed more than half the time. In this book, the author brings his decade in the U.S. military, intelligence community, and policy worlds to bear on the question of what causes armed, international state-building campaigns by liberal powers to succeed or fail.

NATION-BUILDING --- FAILED STATES --- INTERVENTION (INTERNATIONAL LAW) --- POSTWAR RECONSTRUCTION

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"In this timely volume, Elisa Dainese and Aleksandar Stanicic have assembled a roster of contributors who can speak to the effects of war and sectarian strife on the built environment in various war-torn areas. The essayists discuss creative strategies for rebuilding and restablizing damaged sites, often within the context of continuing animosities; the establishment of design coalitions to work with local communities on reconstruction; the designing of emergency settlements; the development of new and customized strategies for rebuilding diverse parts of the savaged world; the teaching of culturally sensitive design practices to architects and urbanists going to such sites; and many other topics. Dainese and Stanicic describe the intentional, targeted attacks on art and infrastructure--often by sophisticated long-range weaponry meant to destroy not only physical structures but also political unity and cultural memory--as "the weaponization of art and architecture." And though there are some works on wartime destruction of specific citites and landscapes, the editors contend that there is a dearth of publications on design after conflict, which this volume aims to address"--

Postwar reconstruction. --- Design --- Architecture --- Social aspects. --- Conservation and restoration.

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Postwar reconstruction --- United States --- Japan --- Iraq --- Foreign relations --- Postwar reconstructionUnited States --- IraqForeign relations --- Postwar reconstruction - Case studies --- Postwar reconstruction - Japan --- Postwar reconstruction - Iraq --- United States - Foreign relations - Japan --- Japan - Foreign relations - United States --- United States - Foreign relations - Iraq --- Iraq - Foreign relations - United States

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All Hitler’s political opponents in exile sought to devise plans for the post-war future of Germany, Austria or Czechoslovakia. This volume brings together the different, often divergent proposals of groups and individuals in British exile and evaluates their contribution to actual post-war developments. Different essays trace the activities of the Free German Movement and its Austrian counterpart in evolving plans for the future of their countries or deal with the response of individuals such as Kurt Hiller or Friedrich Stampfer. Others consider the return of Socialist exiles to Austria or the involvement of exiles in Britain in the re-education of German prisoners of war. Ultimately, all plans for post-war Europe were trumped by the emerging Cold War, as Germany became the stage for enacting the political ambitions of the rival powers which had conquered it. Against this background, few of the hopes nurtured in exile came to fruition.

Reconstruction (1939-1951) --- World War, 1939-1945 --- Postwar reconstruction --- Reconstruction --- 1939-1951 --- Europe, Central. --- Europe, Central

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Petroleum industry and trade --- Postwar reconstruction --- Iraq --- Politics and government --- Economic conditions