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We tend to think of citizenship as something that is either offered or denied by a state. Modern history teaches otherwise. Reimagining citizenship as a legal spectrum along which individuals can travel, Extraterritorial Dreams explores the history of Ottoman Jews who sought, acquired, were denied or stripped of citizenship in Europe in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries-as the Ottoman Empire retracted and new states were born-in order to ask larger questions about the nature of citizenship itself. Sarah Abrevaya Stein traces the experiences of Mediterranean Jewish women, men, and families who lived through a tumultuous series of wars, border changes, genocides, and mass migrations, all in the shadow of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the ascendance of the modern passport regime. Moving across vast stretches of Europe, the Middle East, Asia, and the Americas, she tells the intimate stories of people struggling to find a legal place in a world ever more divided by political boundaries and competing nationalist sentiments. From a poor youth who reached France as a stowaway only to be hunted by the Parisian police as a spy to a wealthy Baghdadi-born man in Shanghai who willed his fortune to his Eurasian Buddhist wife, Stein tells stories that illuminate the intertwined nature of minority histories and global politics through the turbulence of the modern era.

Jews --- Sephardim --- Jews --- Jews --- History --- History --- History --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- History. --- europe, western world, jews, jewish, judaism, sephardi, ottoman, 20th century, modern, contemporary, academic, scholarly, research, learning, educational, classroom, professor, guggenheim, citizenship, immigrant, immigration, history, historical, travel, refugee, 1900s, 1800s, genocide, borders, empire, politics, political, crisis, mediterranean, migration, passport, regime change, legal issues, legality, true story, territory, minority, global, international.

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In 1921 and 1924, the United States passed laws to sharply reduce the influx of immigrants into the country. By allocating only small "as to the nations of southern and eastern Europe, and banning almost all immigration from Asia, the new laws were supposed to stem the tide of foreigners considered especially inferior and dangerous. However, immigrants continued to come, sailing into the port of New York with fake passports, or from Cuba to Florida, hidden in the holds of boats loaded with contraband liquor. Jews, one of the main targets of the "a laws, figured prominently in the new international underworld of illegal immigration. However, they ultimately managed to escape permanent association with the identity of the "illegal alien" in a way that other groups, such as Mexicans, thus far, have not. In After They Closed the Gates, Libby Garland tells the untold stories of the Jewish migrants and smugglers involved in that underworld, showing how such stories contributed to growing national anxieties about illegal immigration. Garland also helps us understand how Jews were linked to, and then unlinked from, the specter of illegal immigration. By tracing this complex history, Garland offers compelling insights into the contingent nature of citizenship, belonging, and Americanness.

Jews, European --- Immigrants --- Noncitizens --- Emigration and immigration law --- Illegal immigration. --- History --- History --- History --- History --- United States --- Emigration and immigration --- History --- immigration, illegal, united states, 1900s, 1920s, 1930s, 1940s, 1950s, 1960s, jewish, judaism, jew, religion, religious studies, faith, belief, eastern europe, bans, laws, legal issues, litigation, new york, passport, ports, cuba, florida, contraband, travel, alien, identity, migrants, smugglers, xenophobia, 20th century, academic, scholarly, research, historical, history, emigration, society.