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This book provides information on thermal energy storage systems incorporating phase change materials (PCMs) which are widely preferred owing to their immense energy storage capacity. The thermal energy storage (TES) potential of PCMs has been deeply explored for a wide range of applications, including solar/electrothermal energy storage, waste heat storage, and utilization, building energy-saving, and thermal regulations. The inherent shortcomings like leakage during phase transition and poor thermal conductivity hamper their extensive usage. Nevertheless, it has been addressed by their shape stabilization with porous materials and dispersing highly conductive nanoparticles. Nanoparticles suspended in traditional phase change materials enhance the thermal conductivity. The addition of these nanoparticles to the conventional PCM enhances the storage. In this book, the history of Nano Enhanced Phase Change Materials (NEPCM), preparation techniques, properties, theoretical modeling and correlations, and the effect of all these factors on the potential applications such as: solar energy, electronics cooling, heat exchangers, building, battery thermal management, thermal energy storage are discussed in detail. Future challenges and future work scope have been included. The information from this book can enable the readers to come up with novel techniques, resolve existing research limitations, and come up with novel NEPCM, that can be implemented for various applications.

Condensed matter. --- Solid-phase synthesis. --- Nanotechnology. --- Phase Transitions and Multiphase Systems. --- Phase Transition and Critical Phenomena. --- Solid-phase Synthesis. --- Nanostructured materials --- Phase rule and equilibrium. --- Thermal properties.

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During the past fifteen years there has been a dramatic increase in the number of different surfaces whose structures have been determined experimentally. For example, whereas in 1979 there were only 25 recorded adsorption structures, to date there are more than 250. This volume is therefore a timely review of the state-of-the-art in this dynamic field. Chapter one contains a compilation of the structural data base on surfaces within a series of tables that allows direct comparison of structural parameters for related systems. Experimental structural trends amongst both clean surfaces and ad

Physics --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Physics) --- Cohesion. --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Adhesion --- Cohesion --- 538.91 --- 538.97 --- 538.97 Special geometry and interaction with particles and radiation --- Special geometry and interaction with particles and radiation --- 538.91 Structures, including transitions --- Structures, including transitions --- Bond formation --- Crystal structure --- Phase transition --- Reactivity (chemical) --- Surface structure

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Since the initial predictions for the existence of Weyl fermions in condensed matter, many different experimental techniques have confirmed the existence of Weyl semimetals. Among these techniques, optical responses have shown a variety of effects associated with the existence of Weyl fermions. In chiral crystals, we find a new type of fermions protected by crystal symmetries — the chiral multifold fermions — that can be understood as a higher-spin generalization of Weyl fermions. This work analyzes how multifold fermions interact with light and highlights the power of optical responses to identify and characterize multifold fermions and the materials hosting them. In particular, we find optical selection rules, compute the linear optical response of all chiral multifold fermions, and analyze the non-linear optical responses and their relation to the presence of topological bands. Finally, the research presented here analyzes the theoretical foundations and experimental features of optical responses of two multifold semimetals, RhSi and CoSi, connecting the observed features with the theoretical predictions and demonstrating the power of optical responses to understand real-life multifold semimetals.

Condensed matter. --- Topological insulators. --- Nanophotonics. --- Plasmonics. --- Condensed Matter Physics. --- Topological Material. --- Phase Transition and Critical Phenomena. --- Nanophotonics and Plasmonics. --- Electronics --- Plasma engineering --- Nano photonics --- Photonics --- Insulators, Topological --- Electric insulators and insulation --- Electronic apparatus and appliances --- Condensed materials --- Condensed media --- Condensed phase --- Materials, Condensed --- Media, Condensed --- Phase, Condensed --- Liquids --- Matter --- Solids --- Materials --- Physics --- Science

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This thesis highlights the study into the structures and dynamics of interfacial water, which is a cutting edge issue in condensed matter physics. Using the first principles calculation, classical molecular dynamics simulation and the simulation of atomic force microscopy (AFM), combined with the experimental results of AFM, the book systematically studies interfacial water at the atomic scale, especially the structure and growth mechanism of two-dimensional ice on hydrophobic Au (111) surface, the structure and the interconversion of the Eigen/Zundel hydrated proton on the Au(111) and Pt(111) surfaces, the microstructure and the hydration effect of the diffusion of ion hydrates on NaCl surface. This book displays the atomic scale information about the interaction between water and surface, and achieves many innovative results. Furthermore, the research methods included in this book can be further extended to study the more complex interfacial systems.

Surfaces (Physics). --- Condensed matter. --- Molecular dynamics. --- Surface and Interface and Thin Film. --- Structure of Condensed Matter. --- Phase Transition and Critical Phenomena. --- Two-dimensional Materials. --- Molecular Dynamics. --- Dynamics, Molecular --- Dynamics --- Condensed materials --- Condensed media --- Condensed phase --- Materials, Condensed --- Media, Condensed --- Phase, Condensed --- Liquids --- Matter --- Solids --- Physics --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Biological interfaces. --- Molecular structure. --- Water chemistry. --- Aquatic chemistry --- Chemical hydrology --- Hydrochemistry --- Hydrogeochemistry --- Natural water chemistry --- Geochemistry --- Hydrology --- Structure, Molecular --- Chemical structure --- Structural bioinformatics --- Biointerfaces --- Biological surfaces --- Biosurfaces --- Interfaces, Biological --- Surface sciences (Biology) --- Surfaces (Biology) --- Biochemistry --- Biophysics

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Spin glasses are disordered magnetic systems that have led to the development of mathematical tools with an array of real-world applications, from airline scheduling to neural networks. Spin Glasses and Complexity offers the most concise, engaging, and accessible introduction to the subject, fully explaining what spin glasses are, why they are important, and how they are opening up new ways of thinking about complexity. This one-of-a-kind guide to spin glasses begins by explaining the fundamentals of order and symmetry in condensed matter physics and how spin glasses fit into--and modify--this framework. It then explores how spin-glass concepts and ideas have found applications in areas as diverse as computational complexity, biological and artificial neural networks, protein folding, immune response maturation, combinatorial optimization, and social network modeling. Providing an essential overview of the history, science, and growing significance of this exciting field, Spin Glasses and Complexity also features a forward-looking discussion of what spin glasses may teach us in the future about complex systems. This is a must-have book for students and practitioners in the natural and social sciences, with new material even for the experts.

Computational complexity. --- Spin glasses. --- Glasses, Magnetic --- Glasses, Spin --- Magnetic glasses --- Complexity, Computational --- 530.412 --- Magnetic alloys --- Nuclear spin --- Solid state physics --- Electronic data processing --- Machine theory --- EdwardsЁnderson Hamiltonian. --- EdwardsЁnderson model. --- Hamiltonian. --- Herb Simon. --- Kondo effect. --- NK model. --- Phil Anderson. --- SherringtonЋirkpatrick model. --- Warren Weaver. --- antiferromagnetism. --- broken symmetry. --- combinatorial optimization. --- complex systems. --- complexity studies. --- complexity. --- computational complexity. --- computer science. --- condensed matter physics. --- condensed matter. --- dimension. --- dimensionality. --- dynamical behavior. --- ferromagnetism. --- ground state. --- immune response maturation. --- invariance. --- magnetic alloys. --- magnetic materials. --- magnetic systems. --- mathematicians. --- mean field theory. --- neural networks. --- nonequilibrium. --- order parameter. --- order. --- ordinary glasses. --- paramagnetism. --- phase transition. --- phase transitions. --- physics. --- prebiotic evolution. --- protein conformational dynamics. --- protein conformational folding. --- protein folding. --- quenched disorder. --- replica symmetry breaking. --- social network modeling. --- solid state magnetism. --- spin glass science. --- spin glasses. --- spin. --- spinгpin interaction. --- symmetry. --- thermodynamic equilibrium. --- thermodynamics.