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Plasma jets.

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Almost all conventional matter in the Universe is fluid, and fluid dynamics plays a crucial role in astrophysics. This graduate textbook, first published in 2007, provides a basic understanding of the fluid dynamical processes relevant to astrophysics. The mathematics used to describe these processes is simplified to bring out the underlying physics. The authors cover many topics, including wave propagation, shocks, spherical flows, stellar oscillations, the instabilities caused by effects such as magnetic fields, thermal driving, gravity, shear flows, and the basic concepts of compressible fluid dynamics and magnetohydrodynamics. The authors are Directors of the UK Astrophysical Fluids Facility (UKAFF) at the University of Leicester, and editors of the Cambridge Astrophysics Series. This book has been developed from a course in astrophysical fluid dynamics taught at the University of Cambridge. It is suitable for graduate students in astrophysics, physics and applied mathematics, and requires only a basic familiarity with fluid dynamics.

Astrophysics --- Fluid dynamics --- Astrophysical jets --- Astrophysique --- Fluides, Dynamique des --- Jets (astrophysique) --- 52 --- Dynamics --- Fluid mechanics --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Jets --- Radio sources (Astronomy) --- Astronomie. Astrofysica. Ruimteonderzoek. Geodesie --- Astrophysique. --- Fluides, Dynamique des. --- Astrophysics. --- Fluid dynamics. --- Astrophysical jets.

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Accretion flows, winds and jets of compact astrophysical objects and stars are generally described within the framework of hydrodynamical and magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) flows. Analytical analysis of the problem provides profound physical insights, which are essential for interpreting and understanding the results of numerical simulations. Providing such a physical understanding of MHD Flows in Compact Astrophysical Objects is the main goal of this book, which is an updated translation of a successful Russian graduate textbook. The book provides the first detailed introduction into the method of the Grad-Shafranov equation, describing analytically the very broad class of hydrodynamical and MHD flows. It starts with the classical examples of hydrodynamical accretion onto relativistic and nonrelativistic objects. The force-free limit of the Grad-Shafranov equation allows us to analyze in detail the physics of the magnetospheres of radio pulsars and black holes, including the Blandford-Znajek process of energy extraction from a rotating black hole immersed in an external magnetic field. Finally, on the basis of the full MHD version of the Grad-Shafranov equation the author discusses the problems of jet collimation and particle acceleration in Active Galactic Nuclei, radio pulsars, and Young Stellar Objects. The comparison of the analytical results with numerical simulations demonstrates their good agreement. Assuming that the reader is familiar with the basic physical and mathematical concepts of General Relativity, the author uses the 3+1 split approach which allows the formulation of all results in terms of physically clear language of three dimensional vectors. The book contains detailed derivations of equations, numerous exercises, and an extensive bibliography. It therefore serves as both an introductory text for graduate students and a valuable reference work for researchers in the field.

Magnetohydrodynamics --- Astrophysical jets --- Stellar dynamics --- Mathematics --- EPUB-LIV-FT LIVPHYSI SPRINGER-B

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Black holes exist in galactic nuclei and in some X-ray binaries found in our own galaxy and the large Magellanic Cloud. This volume focuses on astrophysical high-energy emission processes around black holes, and the development of theoretical frameworks for interesting observational results.
Contents:

• Black Hole Observations
• Accretion Disk/Formation of Jets
• Energy Extraction from Rotating Black Holes
• Supernova and Gamma Ray Bursts
• Black Hole Astrophysics

Black holes (Astronomy) --- Astrophysics --- Accretion (Astrophysics) --- Jets (Nuclear physics) --- Nuclear reactions --- Scattering (Physics)

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Industrial manufacturers are increasingly using very high pressure water jets for the cleaning and breaking up of materials. Until recently, the demolition of reinforced concrete has been a long and difficult process, but developments in the design and use of high pressure water jets have made this a cleaner and faster process with many other applications in civil, construction and environmental engineering. Andreas Momber, a well known expert in water jet and abrasive water jet cutting technology has produced a unique and comprehensive book dealing with the fundamentals of the hyd

Wrecking. --- Water jets. --- Concrete --- Reinforced concrete construction. --- Finishing. --- Concrete construction --- Concrete finishes --- Concrete surface finishes --- Finishes and finishing --- Water-jet --- Waterjets --- Hydraulic engineering --- Jets --- Demolition --- Building --- Construction industry --- Formwork