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Astrophysical jets are spectacular displays of gas or dust ejected from a range of cosmic bodies; they are seemingly ubiquitous on scales from comets to black holes. This volume reviews our understanding of jet processes and provides a modern guide to their observation and the role they play in many long-standing problems in astrophysics. It covers the major discoveries in gamma-ray bursts, solar and stellar jets and cometary jets. Specific physical processes for all classes of jet are illustrated and discussed in depth, as a backdrop to explaining spectacular jet images. Current jet models raise as many issues as they solve, so the final chapter looks at the new questions to be answered. Written at an entry level for postgraduate students, this volume incorporates introductions to all the governing physics, providing a comprehensive and insightful guide to the study of jets for researchers across all branches of astrophysics.

Astrophysical jets --- Astrophysical jets. --- Astrophysics. --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Astrophysics --- Jets --- Radio sources (Astronomy)

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Plasma spraying. --- Spraying, Plasma --- Metal coating --- Plasma jets --- Protective coatings

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Accretion flows, winds and jets of compact astrophysical objects and stars are generally described within the framework of hydrodynamical and magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) flows. Analytical analysis of the problem provides profound physical insights, which are essential for interpreting and understanding the results of numerical simulations. Providing such a physical understanding of MHD Flows in Compact Astrophysical Objects is the main goal of this book, which is an updated translation of a successful Russian graduate textbook. The book provides the first detailed introduction into the method of the Grad-Shafranov equation, describing analytically the very broad class of hydrodynamical and MHD flows. It starts with the classical examples of hydrodynamical accretion onto relativistic and nonrelativistic objects. The force-free limit of the Grad-Shafranov equation allows us to analyze in detail the physics of the magnetospheres of radio pulsars and black holes, including the Blandford-Znajek process of energy extraction from a rotating black hole immersed in an external magnetic field. Finally, on the basis of the full MHD version of the Grad-Shafranov equation the author discusses the problems of jet collimation and particle acceleration in Active Galactic Nuclei, radio pulsars, and Young Stellar Objects. The comparison of the analytical results with numerical simulations demonstrates their good agreement. Assuming that the reader is familiar with the basic physical and mathematical concepts of General Relativity, the author uses the 3+1 split approach which allows the formulation of all results in terms of physically clear language of three dimensional vectors. The book contains detailed derivations of equations, numerous exercises, and an extensive bibliography. It therefore serves as both an introductory text for graduate students and a valuable reference work for researchers in the field.

Magnetohydrodynamics --- Astrophysical jets --- Stellar dynamics --- Mathematics --- EPUB-LIV-FT LIVPHYSI SPRINGER-B

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Black holes exist in galactic nuclei and in some X-ray binaries found in our own galaxy and the large Magellanic Cloud. This volume focuses on astrophysical high-energy emission processes around black holes, and the development of theoretical frameworks for interesting observational results.
Contents:

• Black Hole Observations
• Accretion Disk/Formation of Jets
• Energy Extraction from Rotating Black Holes
• Supernova and Gamma Ray Bursts
• Black Hole Astrophysics

Black holes (Astronomy) --- Astrophysics --- Accretion (Astrophysics) --- Jets (Nuclear physics) --- Nuclear reactions --- Scattering (Physics)

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Hydraulics. --- Flow of water --- Water --- Fluid mechanics --- Hydraulic engineering --- Jets --- Flow --- Distribution