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Considering classical Hebrew from the standpoint of a writing system as opposed to vernacular speech, Schniedewind demonstrates how the Israelites' long history of migration, war exile, and other momentous events is reflected in Hebrew's linguistic evolution.

Hebrew language --- Hebrew language, Post-Biblical --- Post-Biblical Hebrew language --- History. --- Hebrew language - History. --- Hebrew language, Post-Biblical - History.

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In December 1995 an international symposium was held in Leiden, concerning the subject of the Hebrew of the Dead Sea Scrolls and the book of Ben Sira. The papers, presented at this symposium, are collected in this volume. The papers deal with various aspects of grammar, syntax, and lexicon of Hebrew texts of the Judean Desert. They include the first publications of a Nahal Hever text, and the important apocryphal book of Ben Sira.

Hebrew language, Post-Biblical --- Congresses. --- Dead Sea scrolls --- Bible. --- Language, style --- 229*313 --- -Post-Biblical Hebrew language --- Qumran:--paleografie en linguistische problemen --- Congresses --- -Qumran:--paleografie en linguistische problemen --- 229*313 Qumran:--paleografie en linguistische problemen --- Post-Biblical Hebrew language --- Jerusalem scrolls --- ʻAin Fashka scrolls --- Jericho scrolls --- Scrolls, Dead Sea --- Qumrân scrolls --- Rękopisy z Qumran --- Shikai bunsho --- Megilot Midbar Yehudah --- Dodezee-rollen --- Kumránské rukopisy --- Documentos de Qumrán --- Textos de Qumrán --- Rollos del Mar Muerto --- Manuscritos del Mar Muerto --- Manuscrits de la mer Morte --- Dödahavsrullarna --- Kumranin kirjoitukset --- Kuolleenmeren kirjoitukset --- Qumranhandskrifterna --- Qumranin kirjoitukset --- Qumran Caves scrolls --- Ben Sira (Book of the Apocrypha) --- Book of Ben Sira (Book of the Apocrypha) --- Book of Sirach (Book of the Apocrypha) --- Ecclesiasticus (Book of the Apocrypha) --- Ḥokhmat Shimʻon ben Sira (Book of the Apocrypha) --- Ḥokhmat Yehoshuʻa ben Sira (Book of the Apocrypha) --- Jesus Sirach (Book of the Apocrypha) --- Sefer Ben Sira (Book of the Apocrypha) --- Sefer Ḥokhmat Yehoshuʻa ben Sira (Book of the Apocrypha) --- Sirach (Book of the Apocrypha) --- Sirachbuch (Book of the Apocrypha) --- Wisdom of Ben Sira (Book of the Apocrypha) --- Wisdom of Jesus the Son of Sirach (Book of the Apocrypha) --- Wisdom of Sirach (Book of the Apocrypha) --- Words of Simeon ben Jeshua (Book of the Apocrypha) --- Dead Sea scrolls - Language, style - Congresses. --- Bible. - O.T. - Apocrypha. - Ecclesiasticus - Language, style - Congresses. --- Hebrew language, Post-Biblical - Congresses. --- Hebrew language, Post-Biblical. --- Dead Sea scrolls. --- Hebrew language, Post-Biblical - Congresses

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The Hebrew language may be divided into the Biblical, Mishnaic, Medieval, and Modern ‎periods. Biblical Hebrew has its own distinct linguistic profile, exhibiting a diversity of styles ‎and linguistic traditions extending over some one thousand years as well as tangible diachronic ‎developments that may serve as chronological milestones in tracing the linguistic history of ‎Biblical Hebrew. Unlike standard dictionaries, whose scope and extent are dictated by the contents of the ‎Biblical concordance, this lexicon includes only 80 lexical entries, chosen specifically for a ‎diachronic investigation of Late Biblical Hebrew. Selected primarily to illustrate the fifth-century ‘watershed’ separating Classical from ‎post-Classical Biblical Hebrew, emphasis is placed on ‘linguistic contrasts’ illuminated by a rich collection ‎of examples contrasting Classical Biblical Hebrew with Late Biblical Hebrew, Biblical Hebrew with Rabbinic Hebrew, and Hebrew with Aramaic.‎

Hebrew language --- Hebrew language, Post-Biblical --- Hebrew language, Talmudic --- Aramaic language --- Rabbinical literature --- Grammar, Comparative --- History and criticism --- Bible --- Language, style --- Grammar, Comparative. --- History and criticism. --- Bible. --- Language, style. --- 22.02*1 --- 22.02*1 Bijbelse filologie: hebreeuws --- Bijbelse filologie: hebreeuws --- Aramean language --- Biblical Aramaic language --- Chaldaic language --- Chaldean language (Aramaic) --- Chaldee language --- Semitic languages, Northwest --- Syriac language --- Hebrew language, Mishnaic --- Hebrew language, Rabbinic --- Mishnaic Hebrew language --- Rabbinic Hebrew language --- Talmudic Hebrew language --- Post-Biblical Hebrew language --- Jewish language --- Jews --- Languages --- Antico Testamento --- Hebrew Bible --- Hebrew Scriptures --- Kitve-ḳodesh --- Miḳra --- Old Testament --- Palaia Diathēkē --- Pentateuch, Prophets, and Hagiographa --- Sean-Tiomna --- Stary Testament --- Tanakh --- Tawrāt --- Torah, Neviʼim, Ketuvim --- Torah, Neviʼim u-Khetuvim --- Velho Testamento --- Hebrew language - Grammar, Comparative --- Hebrew language, Post-Biblical - Grammar, Comparative --- Hebrew language, Talmudic - Grammar, Comparative --- Aramaic language - Grammar, Comparative --- Rabbinical literature - History and criticism

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The accelerated publication of the Dead Sea Scrolls makes it essential for scholars working with these texts to have reliable and up-to-date information over the nature of Qumran Hebrew and Aramaic. This volume presents results of current investigations in this field presented at a third, four-day symposium on the Hebrew of the Scrolls and Ben Sira held in October 1999 at the Ben-Gurion University in Beer-Sheva with as many as 27 papers presented, some of which deal with questions of general and fundamental importance such as the nature of Qumran Hebrew, the linguistic symbiosis in Qumran, the position of Qumran Hebrew in the history of Hebrew, the future directions of philological and linguistic investigation of Qumran Hebrew and the Scrolls. Participants, many of whom are reputed specialists in the field, came from not only Israel, but also the U.S.A. , U.K., Sweden, the Netherlands, and France.

Hebrew language, Post-Biblical --- Dead Sea scrolls --- Bible --- Language, style --- 229*313 --- Post-Biblical Hebrew language --- Qumran:--paleografie en linguistische problemen --- 229*313 Qumran:--paleografie en linguistische problemen --- Bible. --- Jerusalem scrolls --- ʻAin Fashka scrolls --- Jericho scrolls --- Scrolls, Dead Sea --- Qumrân scrolls --- Rękopisy z Qumran --- Shikai bunsho --- Megilot Midbar Yehudah --- Dodezee-rollen --- Kumránské rukopisy --- Documentos de Qumrán --- Textos de Qumrán --- Rollos del Mar Muerto --- Manuscritos del Mar Muerto --- Manuscrits de la mer Morte --- Dödahavsrullarna --- Kumranin kirjoitukset --- Kuolleenmeren kirjoitukset --- Qumranhandskrifterna --- Qumranin kirjoitukset --- Qumran Caves scrolls --- Ben Sira (Book of the Apocrypha) --- Book of Ben Sira (Book of the Apocrypha) --- Book of Sirach (Book of the Apocrypha) --- Ecclesiasticus (Book of the Apocrypha) --- Ḥokhmat Shimʻon ben Sira (Book of the Apocrypha) --- Ḥokhmat Yehoshuʻa ben Sira (Book of the Apocrypha) --- Jesus Sirach (Book of the Apocrypha) --- Sefer Ben Sira (Book of the Apocrypha) --- Sefer Ḥokhmat Yehoshuʻa ben Sira (Book of the Apocrypha) --- Sirach (Book of the Apocrypha) --- Sirachbuch (Book of the Apocrypha) --- Wisdom of Ben Sira (Book of the Apocrypha) --- Wisdom of Jesus the Son of Sirach (Book of the Apocrypha) --- Wisdom of Sirach (Book of the Apocrypha) --- Words of Simeon ben Jeshua (Book of the Apocrypha) --- Conferences - Meetings --- Hebrew language, Post-Biblical. --- Dead Sea scrolls. --- Hebrew language, Post-Biblical - Congresses

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The Hebrew of the Dead Sea Scrolls and the book of Ben Sira can be properly understood only in the light of all contemporary Second Temple period sources. With this in mind, 20 experts from Israel, Europe, and the United States convened in Jerusalem in December 2008. These proceedings of the Twelfth Orion Symposium and Fifth International Symposium on the Hebrew of the Dead Sea Scrolls and Ben Sira examine the Hebrew of the Second Temple period as reflected primarily in the Dead Sea Scrolls, the book of Ben Sira, Late Biblical Hebrew, and Mishnaic Hebrew. Additional contemporaneous sources—inscriptions, Greek and Latin transcriptions, and the Samaritan oral and reading traditions of the Pentateuch—are also noted.

Hebrew language, Post-Biblical --- Dead Sea scrolls --- Bible --- Language, style --- Judaism --- 229*313 --- Post-Biblical Hebrew language --- History --- Qumran:--paleografie en linguistische problemen --- Bible. --- Ben Sira (Book of the Apocrypha) --- Book of Ben Sira (Book of the Apocrypha) --- Book of Sirach (Book of the Apocrypha) --- Ecclesiasticus (Book of the Apocrypha) --- Ḥokhmat Shimʻon ben Sira (Book of the Apocrypha) --- Ḥokhmat Yehoshuʻa ben Sira (Book of the Apocrypha) --- Jesus Sirach (Book of the Apocrypha) --- Sefer Ben Sira (Book of the Apocrypha) --- Sefer Ḥokhmat Yehoshuʻa ben Sira (Book of the Apocrypha) --- Sirach (Book of the Apocrypha) --- Sirachbuch (Book of the Apocrypha) --- Wisdom of Ben Sira (Book of the Apocrypha) --- Wisdom of Jesus the Son of Sirach (Book of the Apocrypha) --- Wisdom of Sirach (Book of the Apocrypha) --- Words of Simeon ben Jeshua (Book of the Apocrypha) --- Jerusalem scrolls --- ʻAin Fashka scrolls --- Jericho scrolls --- Scrolls, Dead Sea --- Qumrân scrolls --- Rękopisy z Qumran --- Shikai bunsho --- Megilot Midbar Yehudah --- Dodezee-rollen --- Kumránské rukopisy --- Documentos de Qumrán --- Textos de Qumrán --- Rollos del Mar Muerto --- Manuscritos del Mar Muerto --- Manuscrits de la mer Morte --- Dödahavsrullarna --- Kumranin kirjoitukset --- Kuolleenmeren kirjoitukset --- Qumranhandskrifterna --- Qumranin kirjoitukset --- Qumran Caves scrolls --- Conferences - Meetings --- 229*313 Qumran:--paleografie en linguistische problemen --- Hebrew language, Post-Biblical - Congresses