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This monograph examines the ideological legacy of the the apparently innocent kinship metaphors of "mother tongue" and "native speaker" by historicizing their linguistic development. It shows how the early nation states constructed the ideology of ethnolinguistic nationalism, a composite of national language, identity, geography, and race. This ideology invented myths of congenital communities that configured the national language in a symbiotic matrix between body and physical environment and as the ethnic and corporeal ownership of national identity and local organic nature. These ethno-nationalist gestures informed the philology of the early modern era and generated arboreal and genealogical models of language, culminating most divisively in the race conscious discourse of the Indo-European hypothesis of the 19th century. The philosophical theories of organicism also contributed to these ideologies. The fundamentally nationalist conflation of race and language was and is the catalyst for subsequent permutations of ethnolinguistic discrimination, which continue today. Scholarship should scrutinize the tendency to overextend biological metaphors in the study of language, as these can encourage, however surreptitiously, genetic and racial impressions of language.

Native language. --- Langue maternelle --- Multilinguisme --- Multilingualism --- Native language --- Sociolinguistics --- Language and languages --- Language and society --- Society and language --- Sociology of language --- Language and culture --- Linguistics --- Sociology --- Integrational linguistics (Oxford school) --- Mother tongue --- Vernacular language --- Plurilingualism --- Polyglottism --- Social aspects --- Sociological aspects --- Multilingualism. --- Sociolinguistics. --- Sociolinguistique --- Ethnische Identität. --- Ethnolinguistik. --- Flerspråkighet. --- Metapher. --- Muttersprache. --- Nationalstaat. --- Språksociologi. --- mother tongue. --- national language. --- multilingualism. --- linguistics. --- materinščina --- lingua materna --- langue maternelle --- lingwa materna --- dzimtā valoda --- język ojczysty --- limbă maternă --- modersmål --- μητρική γλώσσα --- майчин език --- língua materna --- moedertaal --- матерњи језик --- emakeel --- Muttersprache --- materinski jezik --- мајчин јазик --- äidinkieli --- gimtoji kalba --- materinský jazyk --- mateřský jazyk --- anyanyelv --- lengua materna --- máthairtheanga --- gjuhë amtare --- rodný jazyk --- madrelingua --- mateřština --- céadteanga --- hemspråk --- lengua vernácula --- rodná řeč --- Sprachwissenschaft --- lingüística --- lingvistika --- lingwistika --- taalwetenschap --- keeleteadus --- linguística --- kielitiede --- nyelvészet --- teangeolaíocht --- językoznawstwo --- linguistikë --- лингвистика --- kalbotyra --- lingvistică --- jazykověda --- γλωσσολογία --- jezikoslovje --- linguistique --- lingvistik --- linguistica --- граматика --- etümoloogia --- nyelvtan --- spelluta --- γραμματική --- mondattan --- етимология --- lexicologia --- spraakkunst --- pronunciation --- pragmatika --- angewandte Sprachwissenschaft --- nauka o původu slov --- phonetics --- fonetiikka --- наука за јазикот --- morfologie --- правопис --- Etymologie --- pravopis --- Sprechtechnik --- prononciation --- fonētika --- etimologija --- grammatik --- Pragmalinguistik --- dějiny jazyka --- sprogvidenskab --- uttalslära --- ordboksvetenskap --- etymologia --- pisownia --- leksikologija --- leksikologji --- лексикологија --- gramatika --- fonetică --- προφορά --- etimología --- fonética --- λεξικολογία --- fonologie --- litriú --- betydelselära --- filologie --- sémantique --- Rechtschreibung --- Phonetik --- gramatică --- helyesírás --- gramática --- etimoloģija --- tartis --- Grammatik --- grammatika --- etymológia --- etymology --- grammar --- orthographe --- ääntäminen --- etymologi --- alaktan --- etimológia --- lexikológia --- hangtan --- ortografia --- Lexikologie --- syntax --- etimoloġija --- Sprachforschung --- lexicology --- kirjakuju --- Semantik --- szemantika --- semantik --- ortogrāfija --- grammatica --- φωνητική --- valodniecība --- semantiikka --- kielioppi --- leksikoloģija --- σημαντική --- ετυμολογία --- szókincstan --- oikeinkirjoitus --- fonetiek --- semantika --- sémantika --- keeletehnika --- Morphologie --- fonetikë --- lexikologi --- lexicología --- uttal --- beszédtechnika --- uitspraak --- jezikoslovlje --- spelling --- fonetik --- leksikoloogia --- mluvnice --- pronuncia --- semántica --- izgovor --- ljudlära --- semantica --- pronunciação --- semântica --- shqiptim --- pronúncia --- semantikë --- ορθογραφία --- phonétique --- matematická lingvistika --- étymologie --- stavemåde --- pronunciación --- výslovnosť --- etymologie --- taalkunde --- jazykozpyt --- udtale --- ortografía --- ortografie --- allmän språkvetenskap --- semantics --- semantiek --- fonetica --- etimologie --- linguïstiek --- rašyba --- Linguistik --- lessicologia --- leksikologi --- foneetika --- fonetika --- stavning --- gramatikë --- sanasto-oppi --- etimologia --- sanasaíocht --- semantică --- grammaire --- jelentéstan --- семантика --- morfológia --- aplikovaná lingvistika --- lexicologie --- monikielisyys --- ilteangachas --- vícejazyčnost --- повеќејазичност --- flersprogethed --- multilingvism --- plurilingüismo --- multilingwiżmu --- wielojęzyczność --- mitmekeelsus --- flerspråkighet --- poliglottismo --- daugiakalbystė --- вишејезичност --- viacjazyčnosť --- többnyelvűség --- višejezičnost --- multilinguisme --- multilinguismo --- Mehrsprachigkeit --- daudzvalodība --- shumëgjuhësi --- πολυγλωσσία --- многоезичие --- večjezičnost --- veeltaligheid --- ilteangachas pobail --- multilingvisms --- multilingvismus --- multilingvizmus --- soknyelvűség --- мултилингвизам --- nacionalni jezik --- národní jazyk --- język narodowy --- štátny jazyk --- langue nationale --- língua nacional --- valsts valoda --- nationalsprog --- limba națională --- nationalspråk --- nacionalinė kalba --- kansalliskieli --- Landessprache --- teanga náisiúnta --- национален език --- lengua nacional --- nationale taal --- εθνική γλώσσα --- riigikeel --- nemzeti nyelv --- lingwa nazzjonali --- lingua nazionale --- nationalt sprog --- kansallinen kieli --- landstaal --- Historical Linguistics, Sociolinguistics, Anthropology. --- Langage --- Acquisition