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Elementary particles

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Particlephysicsdiscoveriesattheendofthe20thcenturycon?rmedanam- ingly simple, yet powerful theory that describes fundamental interactions of elementaryparticles. ThistheoryisusuallyreferredtoastheStandardModel of particle physics. It postulates the existence of three generations of quarks andleptons,fourelectroweakandeightstronglyinteractinggaugebosonsand one scalar particle, the Higgs boson. Apart from the Higgs boson, the ex- tenceofallotherparticleshasbeenunambiguouslyestablished. TheStandard Model withstood numerous experimental tests during the last ?fteen years, and has been tested at the level of precision sensitive to quantum loop c- rections. Given the fact that the Standard Model is so successful in describing - ture, is there any reason to believe that this theory is incomplete? There are di?erent answers to this question, depending upon how seriously one takes certain theoretical prejudices. Most severe phenomenological problems appear when the Standard Model of particle physics is confronted with c- mological observations. For example, most of the matter in our Universe is in the form of a cold nonbaryonic dark matter that is not possible to - scribe within the Standard Model. The Standard Model has di?culties - plaining observed baryon asymmetry in the Universe because the Cabbibo- Kobayashi-Maskawa mechanism of CP violation is too weak to produce a su?cientmatter-antimatterasymmetryduringthecosmologicalphasetran- tion. Although neutrino oscillations can be easily incorporated into the St- dard Model, such a solution is not considered theoretically appealing. Inadditiontotheseproblemsrootedinexperimentalfacts,therearesho- comings of the Standard Model of a theoretical nature. For example, it does not explain the fermion mass spectrum; there is a hierarchy and naturalness problem;gravityisnotincludedintheStandardModel,andsoon. Manyt- oretical ideas to address these issues have been proposed in the past; among them,themostprominentandwell-developedisthesupersymmetry .

Elementary particles --- elementaire deeltjes

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This up-to-date volume reviews the recent contributions of electron-positron colliders to the precision test of the electroweak Standard Model. In particular, it contains a short summary of the measurements at the Z resonance and gives an overview of the electroweak processes above the Z. Subsequently, the measurement of the W mass at LEP is discussed in detail. The implications for the precision test of the Standard Model are presented, giving the status of the global electroweak fit before the startup of Large Hadron Collider. The final chapters give an outlook on the electroweak physics at a future linear collider. The book also features many illustrations and tables. Readers obtain a coherent overview of the results of 20 years of electroweak physics conducted at electron-positron colliders.

Elementary particles --- elementaire deeltjes

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Elementary particles --- elementaire deeltjes

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This monograph treats the effectiveness of useing flavor physics in offering probes of the TeV scale, while providing a timely interface during the emerging LHC era. By concentrating only with the TeV-scale connection, a large part of the B factory output can be bypassed, and emphasis is placed on loop-induced processes, i.e. virtual, quantum processes that probe TeV-scale physics. The experimental perspective is taken, resulting in selecting processes, rather than the theories or models, as the basis to exploration. Two-thirds of the book is therefore concerned with b -> s or bs <-> sb transitions. The guiding principle is: unless it can be identified as the smoking gun, it is better to stick to the simplest, rather than elaborate, explanation of an effect that may call for New Physics. By focusing on heavy flavor as a probe of TeV-scale physics, technicalities can be employed to unveil their beauty, without getting ensnared in them, while aiming for the deeper, higher-scale physics that such probes provide. This tract originated from a plenary talk at the SUSY 2007 conference in Karlsruhe, Germany.

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