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Civil law. --- Common law. --- Convergence. --- Divergence (Biology)
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This book utilizes three theoretical models to analyze the defense conditions and preparedness of all the states of Eastern Europe. Their transition from Cold War communism to post-Cold War democracies, the stability of the East-Central European States, the precarious defense positions of the Baltic states, and the uneven defense preparedness of the Balkan states are at the heart of the analysis.
National security --- Balkan states' security. --- Baltic state's security. --- East Central European states' security. --- European Union (EU). --- North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). --- alliance politics theory. --- anti-Communist revolutions. --- convergence/divergence theories. --- late Cold War political history. --- policy-formation making theories.
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Evolutionary developmental biology, or 'evo-devo', is the study of the relationship between evolution and development. Dealing specifically with the generative mechanisms of organismal form, evo-devo goes straight to the core of the developmental origin of variation, the raw material on which natural selection (and random drift) can work. Evolving Pathways brings together contributions that represent a diversity of approaches. Topics range from developmental genetics to comparative morphology of animals and plants alike, and also include botany and palaeontology, two disciplines for which the potential to be examined from an evo-devo perspective has largely been ignored until now. Researchers and graduate students will find this book a valuable overview of current research as we begin to fill a major gap in our perception of evolutionary change.
Developmental biology. --- Evolution. --- Philosophy --- Creation --- Emergence (Philosophy) --- Teleology --- Development (Biology) --- Biology --- Growth --- Ontogeny --- Evolutionary developmental biology. --- Developmental evolution (Biology) --- Evo-devo (Evolutionary developmental biology) --- Evolution of development (Biology) --- Evolutionary biology of development --- Developmental biology --- Evolution (Biology) --- 57.017.6 --- 575.832 --- 575.854 --- 57.017.6 Growth. Development. Ageing. Senescence. Death --- Growth. Development. Ageing. Senescence. Death --- Animal evolution --- Animals --- Biological evolution --- Darwinism --- Evolutionary biology --- Evolutionary science --- Origin of species --- Evolution --- Biological fitness --- Homoplasy --- Natural selection --- Phylogeny --- 575.854 Tissue, organs and function --- Tissue, organs and function --- 575.832 Divergence --- Divergence
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The world’s most revered and eloquent interpreter of evolutionary ideas offers here a work of explanatory force unprecedented in our time—a landmark publication, both for its historical sweep and for its scientific vision. With characteristic attention to detail, Stephen Jay Gould first describes the content and discusses the history and origins of the three core commitments of classical Darwinism: that natural selection works on organisms, not genes or species; that it is almost exclusively the mechanism of adaptive evolutionary change; and that these changes are incremental, not drastic. Next, he examines the three critiques that currently challenge this classic Darwinian edifice: that selection operates on multiple levels, from the gene to the group; that evolution proceeds by a variety of mechanisms, not just natural selection; and that causes operating at broader scales, including catastrophes, have figured prominently in the course of evolution. Then, in a stunning tour de force that will likely stimulate discussion and debate for decades, Gould proposes his own system for integrating these classical commitments and contemporary critiques into a new structure of evolutionary thought. In 2001 the Library of Congress named Stephen Jay Gould one of America’s eighty-three Living Legends—people who embody the “quintessentially American ideal of individual creativity, conviction, dedication, and exuberance.” Each of these qualities finds full expression in this peerless work, the likes of which the scientific world has not seen—and may not see again—for well over a century.
Evolution (Biology) --- Punctuated equilibrium (Evolution) --- Equilibrium, Punctuated (Evolution) --- Punctuated equilibria (Evolution) --- Punctuationalism (Evolution) --- Animal evolution --- Animals --- Biological evolution --- Darwinism --- Evolutionary biology --- Evolutionary science --- Origin of species --- Biology --- Evolution --- Biological fitness --- Homoplasy --- Natural selection --- Phylogeny --- adaptation. --- anagenesis. --- competition. --- divergence. --- fossil record. --- genetics. --- germinal. --- hierarchical selection. --- homology. --- inheritance. --- lamarckism. --- mass extinction. --- micro v macroevolution. --- modern synthesis. --- neo darwinism. --- origin of species. --- paleontology. --- punctuated equilibrium. --- speciation. --- variation.
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Elliptic partial differential equations is one of the main and most active areas in mathematics. This book is devoted to the study of linear and nonlinear elliptic problems in divergence form, with the aim of providing classical results, as well as more recent developments about distributional solutions. For this reason this monograph is addressed to master's students, PhD students and anyone who wants to begin research in this mathematical field.
Differential equations, Elliptic. --- Differential equations, Partial. --- Partial differential equations --- Elliptic differential equations --- Elliptic partial differential equations --- Linear elliptic differential equations --- Differential equations, Linear --- Differential equations, Partial --- Dirichlet Problems for Elliptic Equations. --- Distributional Solution. --- Entropy Solutions. --- Leray-Lions Problem. --- Nonlinear Elliptic Partial Differential Equations in Divergence Form. --- Sobolev Space.
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Since the Second World War, congressional parties have been characterized as declining in strength and influence. Research has generally attributed this decline to policy conflicts within parties, to growing electoral independence of members, and to the impact of the congressional reforms of the 1970's. Yet the 1980's witnessed a strong resurgence of parties and party leadership-especially in the House of Representatives. Offering a concise and compelling explanation of the causes of this resurgence, David W. Rohde argues that a realignment of electoral forces led to a reduction of sectional divisions within the parties-particularly between the northern and southern Democrats-and to increased divergence between the parties on many important issues. He challenges previous findings by asserting that congressional reform contributed to, rather than restrained, the increase of partisanship. Among the Democrats, reforms siphoned power away from conservative and autocratic committee chairs and put control of those committees in the hands of Democratic committee caucuses, strengthening party leaders and making both party and committee leaders responsible to rank-and-file Democrats. Electoral changes increased the homogeneity of House Democrats while institutional reforms reduced the influence of dissident members on a consensus in the majority party. Rohde's accessible analysis provides a detailed discussion of the goals of the congressional reformers, the increased consensus among Democrats and its reinforcement by their caucus, the Democratic leadership's use of expanded powers to shape the legislative agenda, and the responses of House Republicans. He also addresses the changes in the relationship between the House majority and the president during the Carter and Reagan administrations and analyzes the legislative consequences of the partisan resurgence. A readable, systematic synthesis of the many complex factors that fueled the recent resurgence of partisanship, Parties and Leaders in the Postreform House is ideal for course use.
Political parties --- United States. --- Leadership. --- United States --- Politics and government --- congressional parties, politics, political science, congress, government, power, influence, policy, conflict, electoral independence, reform, leadership, house of representatives, sectional division, southern democrats, divergence, platform, partisanship, committee caucuses, party leaders, homogeneity, dissdents, consensus, agenda, legislation, carter, reagan, administration, roll-call voting, wright speakership, nonfiction, history.
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Culture can be a significant contributor to, or hindrance to, a team's success. Research has clearly established that failing to have a cohesive team culture creates a severe challenge to any team effort. Culture is also something that everyone brings with them to the team. Yet, developing an understanding of what the team culture is, what constitutes a cohesive team culture, and how to modify it such that it enhances the probability of team success is a challenge to team leaders. Cultural team challenges exist within holistic, that is, teams from a single nation, or multinational teams. Cultural Influences in Engineering Projects provides team leaders and interested individuals a cohesive source of information, ideas, and approaches on how to understand, analyze, develop cultural transition plans, and methods which can improve or modify a team's culture toward success. Cultural Influences in Engineering Projects also includes an extensive literature review reference set which provides the reader a ready source where they can continue to expand their cultural knowledge base and ultimately improve their probability of successfully managing holistic and multinational teams.
Teams in the workplace. --- Corporate culture. --- Engineering --- Management. --- artifacts --- assumptions --- behaviors --- beliefs --- collectivism --- communication --- convergence --- country --- cross-cultural --- cross-culture --- crossvergence --- cultural --- culture --- culture transformation --- divergence --- engineering --- ethics --- group --- heroes --- hybridization --- individualism --- multicultural --- multinational --- nation --- nation-state --- norms --- organizational culture --- power distance --- projects --- scientific management --- state --- sub-culture --- systems science --- team --- technology --- traits --- uncertainty --- values --- Civil engineering --- Structural engineering --- Culture, Corporate --- Institutional culture --- Organizational culture --- Groups, Work --- Team building in the workplace --- Team work in the workplace --- Teambuilding in the workplace --- Teams, Work --- Teamwork in the workplace --- Work groups --- Work teams --- Management --- Corporations --- Organizational behavior --- Business anthropology --- Social groups --- Work environment --- Sociological aspects
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Embarking on an ethnographic journey to the inner barrios of Havana among practitioners of Ifá, a prestigious Afro-Cuban tradition of divination, Truth in Motion reevaluates Western ideas about truth in light of the practices and ideas of a wildly different, and highly respected, model. Acutely focusing on Ifá, Martin Holbraad takes the reader inside consultations, initiations, and lively public debates to show how Ifá practitioners see truth as something to be not so much represented, as transformed. Bringing his findings to bear on the discipline of anthropology itself, he recasts the very idea of truth as a matter not only of epistemological divergence but also of ontological difference-the question of truth, he argues, is not simply about how things may appear differently to people, but also about the different ways of imagining what those things are. By delving so deeply into Ifá practices, Truth in Motion offers cogent new ways of thinking about otherness and how anthropology can navigate it.
Divination --- Ifa (Religion) --- #SBIB:39A10 --- #SBIB:39A74 --- Augury --- Soothsaying --- Occultism --- Worship --- Fa (Religion) --- Ifa --- Ifa (Cult) --- Afro-Caribbean cults --- Cults --- Antropologie: religie, riten, magie, hekserij --- Etnografie: Amerika --- Cuba --- Küba --- Guba --- Kkuba --- Republic of Cuba --- República de Cuba --- キューバ --- Kyūba --- Kuuba --- Religion. --- cuba, divination, prophecy, religion, spirituality, folklore, knowing, ethnography, havana, ifa, afro cuban, initiation, anthropology, truth, knowledge, epistemology, philosophy, divergence, difference, otherness, west africa, politics, history, nonfiction, sociology, race, class, oracles, motility, power, ontology, learning, alterity, transcendence, ritual, immanence, revelation, humility, obligation, skepticism, symbolism, interpretation.
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"Metrics at Work examines how digital metrics and analytics are transforming work practices, professional cultures, and organizational structures in today's economy. The author focuses on journalism, a field that is undergoing massive transformations because of digital technologies. The book follows two news websites with high editorial ambitions, the Paris-based LaPlace and New York City-based TheNotebook, revealing many similarities within each company-their editorial goals, technological tools, and even office furniture among them-as they face growing pressure to attract more traffic and increase their clicks. But beyond these similarities, Metrics at Work uncovers a striking difference between these French and American news sites: the ways in which journalists understand and respond to the analytics. The author draws on four years of ethnographic fieldwork, including over one hundred interviews with American and French journalists, to examine this divergence. While the American journalists routinely disregarded traffic numbers and rely more on the opinion of their peers to define journalistic quality, the French journalists fixated on internet traffic and viewed the numbers as a signal of involvement in the public sphere. Christin offers a cultural explanation, arguing that the historical differences between the two journalistic traditions continue to structure the very different ways that journalists today make sense of audience measurements"-- When the news moved online, journalists suddenly learned what their audiences actually liked, through algorithmic technologies that scrutinize web traffic and activity. Has this advent of audience metrics changed journalists’ work practices and professional identities? In Metrics at Work, Angèle Christin documents the ways that journalists grapple with audience data in the form of clicks, and analyzes how new forms of clickbait journalism travel across national borders.Drawing on four years of fieldwork in web newsrooms in the United States and France, including more than one hundred interviews with journalists, Christin reveals many similarities among the media groups examined—their editorial goals, technological tools, and even office furniture. Yet she uncovers crucial and paradoxical differences in how American and French journalists understand audience analytics and how these affect the news produced in each country. American journalists routinely disregard traffic numbers and primarily rely on the opinion of their peers to define journalistic quality. Meanwhile, French journalists fixate on internet traffic and view these numbers as a sign of their resonance in the public sphere. Christin offers cultural and historical explanations for these disparities, arguing that distinct journalistic traditions structure how journalists make sense of digital measurements in the two countries.Contrary to the popular belief that analytics and algorithms are globally homogenizing forces, Metrics at Work shows that computational technologies can have surprisingly divergent ramifications for work and organizations worldwide.
Web usage mining in journalism --- Journalism --- Technological innovations --- Literature --- Publicity --- Fake news --- Writing (Authorship) --- #SBIB:309H1010 --- #SBIB:309H1720 --- #SBIB:303H14 --- Organisatorische aspecten van de media: algemene werken (incl. journalistiek) --- Informatiekunde, informatie management --- Methoden en technieken van de communicatiewetenschap --- Web usage mining in journalism - United States --- Web usage mining in journalism - France --- Journalism - Technological innovations - United States --- Journalism - Technological innovations - France --- Algorithmic Power and Politics. --- Automating the News. --- Caitlin Petre. --- Cathy O’Neil. --- Clayton Childress. --- Desperate Measures. --- Eugenia Mitchelstein. --- LaPlace. --- Nancy Baym. --- Nicholas Diakopoulos. --- Pablo Boczkowski. --- Playing to the Crowd. --- Taina Bucher. --- The News Gap. --- TheNotebook. --- Under the Cover. --- Weapons of Math Destruction. --- algorithmic publics. --- big data. --- circulation numbers. --- communications. --- critical algorithmic studies. --- critical data studies. --- divergence within convergence. --- economic sociology. --- media studies. --- online news. --- organizational studies. --- quantification. --- science and technology studies. --- sociology of work. --- traffic factories. --- web journalism.
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How do terrorist groups control their members? Do the tools groups use to monitor their operatives and enforce discipline create security vulnerabilities that governments can exploit? This title examines the great variation in how terrorist groups are structured.
TERRORISM --- TERRORISTS --- Polemology --- Organization theory --- Terrorists. --- Terrorism. --- Acts of terrorism --- Attacks, Terrorist --- Global terrorism --- International terrorism --- Political terrorism --- Terror attacks --- Terrorist acts --- Terrorist attacks --- World terrorism --- Direct action --- Insurgency --- Political crimes and offenses --- Subversive activities --- Political violence --- Terror --- Criminals --- Violent crimes --- Organized crime --- Organizational behavior. --- History. --- Behavior in organizations --- Management --- Organization --- Psychology, Industrial --- Social psychology --- Crime syndicates --- Organised crime --- Crime --- Fatah. --- Hamas. --- Islamist groups. --- Islamist terrorism. --- Middle East. --- Northern Ireland. --- Palestinian terrorist groups. --- Provisional IRA. --- Russian terrorist groups. --- Tsarist secret police. --- Ulster Defense Association. --- Ulster Volunteer Force. --- agency problems. --- agency theory. --- al-Qa'ida in Iraq. --- al-Qa'ida. --- bureaucracy. --- control. --- counterterror policies. --- counterterrorism policies. --- discrimination. --- group-specific vulnerabilities. --- hierarchy. --- internal dynamics. --- internal politics. --- managerial challenges. --- managerial problems. --- negotiated settlement. --- operational management. --- organizational analysis. --- organizational challenges. --- organizational dynamics. --- organizational resources. --- political goals. --- preference divergence. --- secrecy. --- secular nationalist groups. --- security reducing. --- security risks. --- security-control tradeoff. --- strategic interactions. --- terrorism. --- terrorist activity. --- terrorist group structure. --- terrorist groups. --- terrorist leaders. --- terrorist operatives. --- terrorist organizations. --- terrorists. --- uncertainty. --- violence.
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