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In post-Reformation Poland-the largest state in Europe and home to the largest Jewish population in the world-the Catholic Church suffered profound anxiety about its power after the Protestant threat. Magda Teter reveals how criminal law became a key tool in the manipulation of the meaning of the sacred and in the effort to legitimize Church authority. The mishandling of sacred symbols was transformed from a sin that could be absolved into a crime that resulted in harsh sentences of mutilation, hanging, decapitation, and, principally, burning at the stake.Teter casts new light on the most infamous type of sacrilege, the accusation against Jews for desecrating the eucharistic wafer. These sacrilege trials were part of a broader struggle over the meaning of the sacred and of sacred space at a time of religious and political uncertainty, with the eucharist at its center. But host desecration-defined in the law as sacrilege-went beyond anti-Jewish hatred to reflect Catholic-Protestant conflict, changing conditions of ecclesiastic authority and jurisdiction, and competition in the economic marketplace.Recounting dramatic stories of torture, trial, and punishment, this is the first book to consider the sacrilege accusations of the early modern period within the broader context of politics and common crime. Teter draws on previously unexamined trial records to bring out the real-life relationships among Catholics, Jews, and Protestants and challenges the commonly held view that following the Reformation, Poland was a "state without stakes"-uniquely a country without religious persecution.

Counter-Reformation --- Jews --- Religious minorities --- Sacrilege --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- History. --- Anti-Reformation --- Church desecration --- Desecration --- Hebrews --- Israelites --- Jewish people --- Jewry --- Judaic people --- Judaists --- Church history --- Church renewal --- Reformation --- Offenses against religion --- Host desecration accusation --- Taboo --- Minorities --- Ethnology --- Religious adherents --- Semites --- Judaism --- Legal status, laws, etc --- History

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Crime and criminals --- Sacrilege --- Religious aspects --- Congresses --- History --- Crime --- -Crime --- -Sacrilege --- -Church desecration --- Desecration --- Offenses against religion --- Host desecration accusation --- Taboo --- City crime --- Crimes --- Delinquency --- Felonies --- Misdemeanors --- Urban crime --- Social problems --- Criminal justice, Administration of --- Criminal law --- Criminals --- Criminology --- Transgression (Ethics) --- -Congresses --- Social aspects --- -Religious aspects --- Church desecration --- Religious aspects&delete& --- History&delete& --- Congresses. --- Rome ancienne --- --Religion romaine --- --Droit --- --Vie religieuse --- --Crime --- --Sacrilège --- --Aspects religieux --- --Table ronde --- --1978 --- --Rome --- --actes --- --Religious aspects --- Crime - Religious aspects - Congresses --- Sacrilege - History - Congresses --- Crime - Rome --- Religion romaine --- Droit --- Vie religieuse --- Sacrilège --- Aspects religieux --- Table ronde --- Rome --- Religion --- Délits religieux --- Histoire --- Italy --- Italie --- Civilization --- Civilisation

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The idea and practice of sacrifice play a profound role in religion, ethics, and politics. In this brief book, philosopher Moshe Halbertal explores the meaning and implications of sacrifice, developing a theory of sacrifice as an offering and examining the relationship between sacrifice, ritual, violence, and love. On Sacrifice also looks at the place of self-sacrifice within ethical life and at the complex role of sacrifice as both a noble and destructive political ideal. In the religious domain, Halbertal argues, sacrifice is an offering, a gift given in the context of a hierarchical relationship. As such it is vulnerable to rejection, a trauma at the root of both ritual and violence. An offering is also an ambiguous gesture torn between a genuine expression of gratitude and love and an instrument of exchange, a tension that haunts the practice of sacrifice. In the moral and political domains, sacrifice is tied to the idea of self-transcendence, in which an individual sacrifices his or her self-interest for the sake of higher values and commitments. While self-sacrifice has great potential moral value, it can also be used to justify the most brutal acts. Halbertal attempts to unravel the relationship between self-sacrifice and violence, arguing that misguided self-sacrifice is far more problematic than exaggerated self-love. In his exploration of the positive and negative dimensions of self-sacrifice, Halbertal also addresses the role of past sacrifice in obligating future generations and in creating a bond for political associations, and considers the function of the modern state as a sacrificial community.

Self-sacrifice. --- Sacrifice. --- Altruism --- Sacrifice --- Burnt offering --- Worship --- Christianity. --- God. --- Jewish life. --- Judaism. --- Paul Kahn. --- Western religious life. --- agent-relative actions. --- attentiveness. --- categorical imperative. --- charity. --- civilians. --- competition. --- cooperation. --- dependency. --- ethical life. --- ethics. --- evolutionary biology. --- exchange. --- general will. --- golden rule. --- heroic sacrifices. --- humans. --- individuals. --- instrumental relationship. --- laws of war. --- love. --- loyalty. --- martyr. --- modern state. --- moral sphere. --- original position. --- other. --- past sacrifice. --- political bond. --- political life. --- political order. --- political violence. --- politics. --- prayer. --- psychoanalysis. --- religion. --- religious life. --- reliigous communities. --- retroactive desecration. --- ritual. --- sacrifice. --- sacrificial community. --- sacrificial system. --- sacrificing for. --- self-interest. --- self-sacrifice. --- self-transcendence. --- self. --- social contract. --- soldiers. --- sovereign. --- state. --- suffering. --- temple worship. --- utilitarianism. --- violence. --- war.

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This book explains the current destruction of graves in the Islamic world and traces the ideological sources of iconoclasm in their historical perspective, from medieval theological and legal debates to contemporary Islamist movements including ISIS.

Cemeteries --- Wahhābīyah. --- Cemeteries. --- Versuchung. --- Tod. --- Störung der Totenruhe. --- Salafija. --- Mausoleum. --- Leichenschändung. --- Kultstätte. --- Islam. --- Bestattung. --- Bestattungsritus. --- Bilderstreit. --- Bildersturm. --- Friedhof. --- Grab. --- Grabmal. --- Idololatrie. --- Abgötterei --- Götzendienst --- Idolatrie --- Bilderverehrung --- Grabbau --- Grabdenkmal --- Sepulkralbau --- Sepulkralkunst --- Grablege --- Grabmonument --- Grabmäler --- Denkmal --- Grabplastik --- Epitaph --- Kenotaph --- Friedhof --- Begräbnisstätte --- Begräbnisplatz --- Grabstätte --- Gräber --- Bestattung --- Gräberfeld --- Gottesacker --- Kirchhof --- Friedhöfe --- Grabmal --- Grab --- Reformation --- Vandalismus --- Ikonomachie --- Begräbnisritus --- Bestattungsritual --- Begräbnisritual --- Grabritual --- Grabkult --- Ritus --- Beerdigung --- Begräbnis --- Beisetzung --- Leichenbegängnis --- Bestattungswesen --- Leichenwesen --- Leichen- und Bestattungswesen --- Totenbestattung --- Totenfeier --- Trauerfeier --- Trauerzeremonie --- Bestattungsritus --- Islām --- <> Islām --- <>Islām --- <<ال>> إسلام --- <<ال>>إسلام --- إسلام --- Religion --- Muslim --- Islamische Staaten --- Opferplatz --- Opferstätte --- Huaca --- Kultplatz --- Kultstätten --- Heiligtum --- Leiche --- Störung der Totenruhe --- Leichenraub --- Friedhofsgebäude --- Grabtempel --- Salafismus --- Salafīya --- <> Salafīya --- <>Salafīya --- Salafijja-Bewegung --- Salafiya --- Salafiyya --- Salafiyya-Bewegung --- سلفية --- <<ال>> سلفية --- <<ال>>سلفية --- Totenruhe --- Religionsdelikt --- Lebensende --- Sterben --- Thanatologie --- Anfechtung --- Najdi doctrine --- Wahabism --- Wahhabi mission --- Wahhabi movement --- Wahhabi movement (India) --- Wahhabi religious reform movement --- Wahhabis --- Wahhabism --- Wahhabiyya --- Islamic sects --- Islamic renewal --- Burial grounds --- Burying-grounds --- Churchyards --- Graves --- Graveyards --- Memorial gardens (Cemeteries) --- Memorial parks (Cemeteries) --- Memory gardens (Cemeteries) --- Necropoleis --- Necropoles --- Necropoli --- Necropolises --- Burial --- Death care industry --- Desecration of cemeteries --- Sacrilege --- Desecration. --- Bildersturm --- Schändung --- Störung --- Islamic countries. --- Muslim countries --- Death --- Sepulchral monuments. --- Religious aspects --- Störung der Totenruhe. --- Kultstätte --- Mausoleum --- Versuchung --- Salafija --- Bilderstreit --- Idololatrie --- Leichenschändung. --- Tod --- Islamic countries --- Kultstätte. --- Wahhabiyah. --- Storung der Totenruhe. --- Leichenschandung. --- Kultstatte.