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"The foundations of a theoretical framework for understanding the value of crowdsourcing. Crowdsourcing is becoming increasingly important to academia as the Web transforms collaboration and communication and blurs institutional and professional boundaries. Crowdsourcing projects in the humanities have, for the most part, focused on the generation or enhancement of content in a variety of ways, leveraging the rich resources of knowledge, creativity, effort and interest among the public to contribute to academic discourse. Moreover, they have largely been insular activities, identifying a specific challenge that crowdsourcing might be used to address, and then trying to meet the challenge using methods and technologies adapted from crowdsourcing in other areas, such as the sciences or business. However, collectively, these activities have raised important questions about the nature and value of such collaboration with the wider public, the processes it involves, the affordances it provides and the challenges it raises. This study addresses these questions by laying the foundations for a theoretical framework in which the value of crowdsourcing can be understood, based on a systematic analysis of crowdsourcing concepts, methodologies and projects that locate crowdsourcing within the family of related (but distinct) concepts such as 'citizen science,' the 'wisdom of crowds' and 'public engagement.' Key points: Addresses crowdsourcing for the humanities and cultural material ; Provides a systematic, academic analysis of crowdsourcing concepts and methodologies ; Based on a systematic research programme ; Situates crowdsourcing conceptually within the context of related concepts such as 'citizen science,' the 'wisdom of crowds' and 'public engagement.'"--

Science --- History as a science --- Humanities --- Human computation. --- Group work in research. --- Research. --- Group research --- Research groups --- Teamwork in research --- Research --- Crowdsourcing (Distributed artificial intelligence) --- Human-based computation --- Human computation systems --- Distributed artificial intelligence --- Human-computer interaction --- Learning and scholarship --- Classical education --- Humanities research

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Die digitale Revolution ist mit dem Versprechen verknüpft, die Selbstständigkeit des einzelnen Nutzers zu stärken. Der Aufstieg von kommerziellen Plattformen zur Koordination von Crowdarbeit stellt die Gültigkeit dieses Narrativs jedoch in Frage. In Crowd-Design analysiert Florian Alexander Schmidt die Entstehungsgeschichte, Funktionsweise und Rhetorik solcher Plattformen. Der Vergleich von historischen Crowd-Diskursen und Visionen der Online-Kollaboration bildet den Ausgangspunkt für eine kritische Betrachtung aktueller Ausprägungen von Crowdarbeit: Der Fokus der Studie liegt auf der Auslagerung von Designaufgaben unter Verwendung dieser Crowdsourcing-Plattformen. Grundlegenden Mechanismen, welche den Plattformbetreibern zur Motivation und Kontrolle der Crowds dienen, werden offengelegt. The digital revolution is interwoven with the promise to empower the user. Yet, the rise of centralised, commercial platforms for crowdsourced work questions the validity of this narrative. In Crowd-Design, Florian Alexander Schmidt analyses the workings and the rhetoric of crowdsourced work platforms by comparing the way they address the masses today with historic notions of the crowd. The utopian concepts of early online collaboration are taken as a vantage point from which to view and critique current and, at times, dystopian applications of crowdsourced work. The study is focused on the crowdsourcing of design tasks, but these specific applications are used to examine the design of the more general mechanisms employed by the platform providers to motivate and control the crowds. Crowd-Design is as much about the crowdsourcing of design as it is about the design of crowdsourcing.

Virtual work teams. --- Groupware (Computer software) --- Work design. --- Human computation. --- DESIGN / General. --- DESIGN / Graphic Arts / General. --- Crowdsourcing (Distributed artificial intelligence) --- Human-based computation --- Human computation systems --- Distributed artificial intelligence --- Human-computer interaction --- Design of work systems --- Job design --- Work systems design --- Methods engineering --- Collaborative software --- Teamware (Computer software) --- Workgroup software --- Computer software --- Eteams (Virtual work teams) --- Virtual teams (Work teams) --- VTeams (Virtual work teams) --- Teams in the workplace --- Virtual work teams --- Work design --- Human computation --- E-books