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For the sake of the argument
Author:
ISBN: 0521497132 9780521497138 9780511720161 9780521039017 0521039010 0511720165 Year: 1996 Publisher: Cambridge Cambridge University Press

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Abstract

This book by one of the world's foremost philosophers in the fields of epistemology and logic offers an account of suppositional reasoning relevant to practical deliberation, explanation, prediction and hypothesis testing. Suppositions made 'for the sake of argument' sometimes conflict with our beliefs, and when they do, some beliefs are rejected and others retained. Thanks to such belief contravention, adding content to a supposition can undermine conclusions reached without it. Subversion can also arise because suppositional reasoning is ampliative. These two types of nonmonotonic logic are the focus of this book. A detailed comparison of nonmonotonicity appropriate to both belief contravening and ampliative suppositional reasoning reveals important differences that have been overlooked.

Making Sense of Race, Class, and Gender
Author:
ISBN: 0203724461 1299054749 1135776288 9781135776282 9780203724460 9781299054745 9780203943809 0203943805 9781135916534 1135916535 9781135916480 1135916489 9781135916527 1135916527 9781135776428 1135776423 9781135776350 1135776350 041595536X 9780415955362 0415955378 9780415955379 Year: 2013 Publisher: Hoboken Taylor and Francis

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Using arresting case studies of how ordinary people understand the concepts of race, class, and gender, Celine-Marie Pascale shows that the peculiarity of commonsense is that it imposes obviousness-that which we cannot fail to recognize. As a result, how we negotiate the challenges of inequality in the twenty-first century may depend less on what people consciously think about ""difference"" and more on what we inadvertently assume. Through an analysis of commonsense knowledge, Pascale expertly provides new insights into familiar topics. In addition, by analyzing local practices in the cont


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Commonsense reasoning
Author:
ISBN: 0128016477 0128014164 9780128016473 9780128014165 Year: 2014 Publisher: Amsterdam

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To endow computers with common sense is one of the major long-term goals of artificial intelligence research. One approach to this problem is to formalize commonsense reasoning using mathematical logic. Commonsense Reasoning: An Event Calculus Based Approach is a detailed, high-level reference on logic-based commonsense reasoning. It uses the event calculus, a highly powerful and usable tool for commonsense reasoning, which Erik Mueller demonstrates as the most effective tool for the broadest range of applications. He provides an up-to-date work promoting the use of the event calculus for commonsense world.The Second Edition features new chapters on commonsense reasoning using unstructured information including the Watson system, commonsense reasoning using answer set programming, and techniques for acquisition of commonsense knowledge including crowdsourcing.

Commonsense reasoning
Author:
ISBN: 9780123693884 0123693888 9786611050498 1281050490 0080476619 9780080476612 9781281050496 6611050493 Year: 2006 Publisher: Amsterdam Boston Elsevier Morgan Kaufmann

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Abstract

To endow computers with common sense is one of the major long-term goals of Artificial Intelligence research. One approach to this problem is to formalize commonsense reasoning using mathematical logic. Commonsense Reasoning is a detailed, high-level reference on logic-based commonsense reasoning. It uses the event calculus, a highly powerful and usable tool for commonsense reasoning, which Erik T. Mueller demonstrates as the most effective tool for the broadest range of applications. He provides an up-to-date work promoting the use of the event calculus for commonsense reasoning, and bringing

Keywords

Commonsense reasoning --- Artificial intelligence --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Automation --- Mathematics --- Data processing --- 681.3*I24 --- 681.3*I28 --- Knowledge representation formalisms and methods: frames and scripts; predicate logic; relation systems; representation languages; procedural and rule-based representations; semantic networks (Artificial intelligence) --- Problem solving, control methods and search: backtracking; dynamic program- ming; graph and tree search strategies; heuristics; plan execution, formationand generation (Artificial intelligence)--See also {681.3*F22} --- 681.3*I24 Knowledge representation formalisms and methods: frames and scripts; predicate logic; relation systems; representation languages; procedural and rule-based representations; semantic networks (Artificial intelligence) --- 681.3*I28 Problem solving, control methods and search: backtracking; dynamic program- ming; graph and tree search strategies; heuristics; plan execution, formationand generation (Artificial intelligence)--See also {681.3*F22} --- Algebra of logic --- Logic, Universal --- Mathematical logic --- Symbolic and mathematical logic --- Symbolic logic --- Algebra, Abstract --- Metamathematics --- Set theory --- Syllogism --- Common sense reasoning --- Reasoning --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Mathematics. --- Data processing. --- Automation.

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