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Economic geography --- Transport. Traffic --- AA / International- internationaal --- 385.0 --- Vervoerwezen, verkeerswegen en -middelen: algemeenheden. --- Containerization --- Combined transport --- Container transportation --- Intermodal transportation --- Containers --- Freight and freightage --- Vervoerwezen, verkeerswegen en -middelen: algemeenheden

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This book deals with the revolution of containerization, a breakthrough in maritime transport. Until World War II, maritime transport and transshipment of general cargo had been virtually unchanged for decades. Mechanization and the introduction of small unit loads improved productivity and working conditions in the shipping business. A real breakthrough came from outside the maritime sector: railway and trucking companies launched the transportation of 'vehicle-sized' loads. Malcom McLean, a trucking magnate who had acquired the Pan-Atlantic Steamship Corporation, envisaged land-sea-land services, door-to-door, with 'trailer bodies'. He equipped two of his tankers with spar decks and purchased 200 aluminum containers. On April 26, 1956 the Ideal X left the port of New York with 58 containers destined for Houston. This event triggered a revolution in maritime general cargo transport: 'containerization'. Economies of scale, enhanced transshipment, no pilferage and less damage resulted in fast and low cost transportation. Over time, containerization accelerated the growth of worldwide trade and facilitated just-in-time logistics. Nowadays containerized transport is a real utility, indispensable for a global economy.Development of Containerization shows how the container-sector coped with the challenges it was facing. Entrepreneurial spirit and technological creativity were at the core of its success. The authors uniquely combine these two elements: the general economic and transport developments are chronologically structured per decade and pivotal technological changes are described in greater detail. The text is illustrated with many pictures because 'seeing is believing'. The book is of interest to students in transportation, designers of terminals and intermodal transport systems and all those who are fascinated by the spectacular impact of containerization.

Containerization. --- Shipping. --- Marine shipping --- Marine transportation --- Maritime shipping --- Ocean --- Ocean traffic --- Ocean transportation --- Sea transportation --- Shipping industry --- Water transportation --- Communication and traffic --- Marine service --- Transportation --- Merchant marine --- Combined transport --- Container transportation --- Intermodal transportation --- Containers --- Freight and freightage --- Economic aspects

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Freight and freightage --- Containerization --- Transportation and state. --- State and transportation --- Transportation --- Transportation policy --- Combined transport --- Container transportation --- Intermodal transportation --- Containers --- Affreightment --- Cargo --- Freight handling --- Freight transportation --- Freightage --- Materials handling --- Government policy --- Freight --- United States --- China --- Commerce --- Foreign economic relations --- Economic policy.

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This book maintains that container shipping is vital to the actualisation of globalisation, and that without it, globalisation would remain a concept rather than reality. It argues that container shipping has been academically overlooked as a global business sector in favour of more prominent sectors such as oil or arms trade, and aims to provide a complete history of containerisation from the 1950s to the turn of the millennium. This history explores the growth of the container industry due to prominent innovation in vessel design, early adoption of the internet, large international mergers, and significant physical alterations to the global port system. With particular emphasis on the east-west trade, the chapters cover the growth and development of the container industry, to the social changes experienced by seafaring labour forces, the cultural impact of the container - bringing a domineering land-presence to maritime activity, through to the environmental concerns surrounding the industry. The study is not a quantitative economic analysis of the industry, rather, an updated history that strives to demonstrate the importance of transport infrastructures to any consideration of global business sectors, by providing evidence of the container industry's stimulation of the global economy.

Container ships. --- Containerization --- Shipping --- Economic aspects --- History. --- Marine shipping --- Marine transportation --- Maritime shipping --- Ocean --- Ocean traffic --- Ocean transportation --- Sea transportation --- Shipping industry --- Water transportation --- Communication and traffic --- Marine service --- Transportation --- Merchant marine --- Combined transport --- Container transportation --- Intermodal transportation --- Containers --- Freight and freightage --- Containerships --- Liners --- Cargo ships --- Merchant ships --- Unitized cargo systems

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In April 1956, a refitted oil tanker carried fifty-eight shipping containers from Newark to Houston. From that modest beginning, container shipping developed into a huge industry that made the boom in global trade possible. 'The Box' tells the dramatic story of the container's creation, the decade of struggle before it was widely adopted, and the sweeping economic consequences of the sharp fall in transportation costs that containerization brought about. Published on the fiftieth anniversary of the first container voyage, this is the first comprehensive history of the shipping container. It recounts how the drive and imagination of an iconoclastic entrepreneur, Malcom McLean, turned containerization from an impractical idea into a massive industry that slashed the cost of transporting goods around the world. But the container didn't just happen. Its adoption required huge sums of money, both from private investors and from ports that aspired to be on the leading edge of a new technology. It required years of high-stakes bargaining with two of the titans of organized labor, Harry Bridges and Teddy Gleason, as well as delicate negotiations on standards that made it possible for almost any container to travel on any truck or train or ship. Ultimately, it took McLean's success in supplying U.S. forces in Vietnam to persuade the world of the container's potential. Drawing on previously neglected sources, economist Marc Levinson shows how the container transformed economic geography, devastating traditional ports such as New York and London and fueling the growth of previously obscure ones, such as Oakland. By making shipping so cheap that industry could locate factories far from its customers, the container paved the way for Asia to become the world's workshop and brought consumers a previously unimaginable variety of low-cost products from around the globe.

AA / International- internationaal --- 385.320 --- economie, internationaal --- geschiedkundige beschrijvingen --- globalisering --- handel, internationaal --- standaardisatie --- vervoer, containers --- vervoer, goederen --- Vervoer over zee: algemeenheden. --- McLean, Malcom Purcell, 1912-2001 --- Containerization --- Geografie --- History. --- Economische geografie --- Transport. --- McLean, Malcolm Purcell, --- Combined transport --- Container transportation --- Intermodal transportation --- Containers --- Freight and freightage --- History --- Vervoer over zee: algemeenheden --- Conteneurisation --- Histoire --- Conteneurisation - Histoire --- Containerization - History --- McLean, Malcolm Purcell, - 1913-2001 --- transport de marchandises --- conteneur