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Physical organic chemistry --- Chemical reactions --- Chemistry --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Physical & Theoretical Chemistry --- Reactions, Chemical --- Chemical processes --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Chemistry, Organic --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical

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Since the first works introducing the aluminum intercalated clay family in the early 1970s, interest in the synthesis of pillared interlayered clays has increased tremendously, especially research into the properties and applications of new synthesis methods. The need for solids that could be used as cracking catalysts with larger pores than zeolitic materials has spurred the synthesis of new porous materials from clays. This book reviews the properties and applications of pillared clays and other layered materials used as catalysts, focusing on: - the acidity of pillared clays and the effect it has on catalytic performance - the use of pillared clays as supports for catalytically active phases, and the use of the resulting solids in environmentally friendly reactions - the comparison between the reactions of pillared clays and anionic clays.

Chemistry. --- Catalysis. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Inorganic Chemistry. --- Environmental Chemistry. --- Chemistry, inorganic. --- Physical organic chemistry --- Environmental chemistry. --- Chimie --- Chimie organique physique --- Catalyse --- Chimie de l'environnement --- Chemistry --- Chemistry, Inorganic --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Catalysis --- Environmental chemistry

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The phase behaviour of materials and their thermodynamic properties are a central subject in all fields of materials research. The first Volume of the work, meant for graduate students in chemistry, geology, physics, and metallurgy, and their engineering counterparts, is split up in three levels, such that from level to level the portion and importance of thermodynamics and mathematics are increased. In the ground level it is shown that the basic principles of phase equilibria can be understood without the use of thermodynamics – be it that the concept of chemical potential is introduced right from the beginning. The intermediate level is an introduction to thermodynamics; culminating in the Gibbs energy as the arbiter for equilibrium – demonstrated for systems where the phases in equilibrium are pure substances. In the third level the accent is on binary systems, where one or more phases are solutions of the components. Explicit relationships between the variables are derived for equilibria involving ideal mixtures and ideal dilute solutions. Non-ideal systems are treated from three different angles – geometrically, analytically, and numerically. Throughout the work high priority is given to the thermodynamic assessment of experimental data; numerous end-of-chapter exercises and their solutions are included. The work is useful for scientists as an introduction and a reference book. Audience: Students, teachers, and scientists in chemistry, chemical engineering, geology and geophysics, metallurgy, and related branches of materials science.

Phase rule and equilibrium. --- Thermodynamics. --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Dynamics --- Mechanics --- Physics --- Heat --- Heat-engines --- Quantum theory --- Critical phenomena (Physics) --- Equilibrium --- Chemical equilibrium --- Chemical systems --- Critical point --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Materials. --- Geology. --- Physical geography. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Materials Science, general. --- Geophysics/Geodesy. --- Geography --- Geognosy --- Geoscience --- Earth sciences --- Natural history --- Engineering --- Engineering materials --- Industrial materials --- Engineering design --- Manufacturing processes --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Chemistry, Organic --- Materials --- Physical chemistry. --- Materials science. --- Geophysics. --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics --- Material science --- Physical sciences --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Chemistry

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Biomolecules in nature exhibit overwhelming one-handedness, often called homochirality, such as L-amino acids and D-sugars. Since the discovery of molecular chirality by Pasteur, the origins of chirality and the process le- ing to enantiopure biomolecules have attracted broad attention from many researchers. Several theories have been proposed for the origin of chirality in organic compounds, for example, left and right-circularly polarized light, sp- taneous absolute asymmetric synthesis, and chiral inorganic crystals such as quartz. However, the enantioenrichments induced by these mechanisms have been very low or even below detection levels. Thus, the process of ampli?cation of enantioenrichment is inevitable to reach enantiopure compounds. In 1953, Frank proposed a mechanism of asymmetric autocatalysis without mentioning any chemical structure. However, it then took over 40 years for us to discover asymmetric autocatalysis with ampli?cation of chirality in 1995. This book illustrates the recent aspects of ampli?cation of chirality by as- metric autocatalysis and by forming helical structures. The ?rst four chapters summarize experimental asymmetric autocatalysis with ampli?cation of en- tiopurity, the mechanism of asymmetric autocatalysis examined by NMR and calculation, the computer simulation models of the reaction mechanism of asymmetric autocatalysis, and the theoretical models of ampli?cation of c- rality. The last chapter deals with the ampli?cation of chirality by the f- mation of helical structures. However, the ampli?cation of enantiopurity in non-autocatalytic asymmetric reaction and the ampli?cation by enantiomer separation involving crystallization or sublimation are beyond the scope of this book.

Chemistry. --- Organic Chemistry. --- Organometallic Chemistry. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Chemistry, Organic. --- Physical organic chemistry --- Chimie --- Chimie organique --- Chimie organique physique --- Circular Dichroism --- Stereoisomerism --- Isomerism --- Spectrum Analysis --- Chemistry Techniques, Analytical --- Organic Chemistry Phenomena --- Investigative Techniques --- Chemical Phenomena --- Phenomena and Processes --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Biochemistry --- Physical & Theoretical Chemistry --- Chemistry --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Autocatalysis. --- Chirality. --- Autocatalytic reaction --- Reaction, Autocatalytic --- Self-catalysis --- Organic chemistry. --- Organometallic chemistry. --- Physical chemistry. --- Stereochemistry --- Symmetry (Physics) --- Enantiomers --- Catalysis --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Chemistry, Organic --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Organic chemistry --- Organometallic chemistry . --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Chemistry, Organometallic --- Metallo-organic chemistry --- Stereoisomerism.

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Physicochemistry --- fysicochemie --- Organic chemistry --- #ANTILTPNE9602 --- #TS:WBIB --- 54 --- Chemistry. Mineralogical sciences --- Periodicals --- Physical organic chemistry --- Applied Chemistry --- Chemistry --- Organic Chemistry --- Physical Chemistry --- 54 Chemistry. Mineralogical sciences --- Chemistry. --- Physical Chemistry. --- 54 Chemie. Kristallografie. Mineralogie --- Chemie. Kristallografie. Mineralogie --- Chemistry, Organic --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Chemistry, Physical organic