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The Nigeria-Biafra War lasted from 6 July 1966 to 15 January 1970, during which time the post-colonial Nigerian state fought to bring the South-Eastern region, which had seceded as the State or Republic of Biafra, back into the newly independent but ideologically divided nation. This volume discusses the trends and methodologies in the civil war writings, both fictional and non-fictional, and is the first to analyse in detail the intellectual and historical circumstances that helped to shape these often contentious texts. The recent high-profile fictional account by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie in Half of a Yellow Sun was preceded by works by Ken Saro-Wiwa, Elechi Amadi, Kole Omotoso, Wole Soyinka, Flora Nwapa, Buchi Emecheta, Chukwuemeka Ike and Chris Abani, all of which stronglyconvey the horrific human cost of the war on individuals and their communities. The non-fictional accounts, including Chinua Achebe's last work There Was a Country, are biographies, personal accounts and essays on the causes and course of the war, its humanitarian crises and the collaboration of foreign nations. The contributors examine writers' and protagonists' use of contemporary published texts as a means of continued resistance and justification of the war, the problems of objectivity encountered in memoirs, and how authors' backgrounds and sources determine the kinds of biases that influenced their interpretations, including the gendered divisions in Nigeria-Biafra War scholarship and sources. By initiating a dialogue on the civil war literature, this volume engages a much-needed discourse on the problems confronting a culturally diverse post-war Nigeria. Toyin Falola is the Jacob and Frances Sanger Mossiker Chair in the Humanities and University DistinguishedTeaching Professor at the University of Texas at Austin; Ogechukwu Ezekwem is a PhD student in the Department of History, University of Texas at Austin.

Nigeria --- HISTORY / Africa / West. --- 1960s Africa. --- African studies. --- Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. --- Nigeria-Biafra War. --- Nigeria. --- civil war literature. --- civil war. --- history of war. --- independence. --- literary studies. --- History

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When we observe protest marches, striking workers on picket lines, and insurgent movements in the world today, a litany of objects routinely fill our field of vision. Some such objects are ubiquitous the world over, like flags, banners, and placards. Others are situationally unique: Who could have anticipated the historical importance of a flower placed in the barrel of a gun, a flaming torch, a sea of umbrellas, a motorist's yellow vest, a feather headdress, an AK-47, or a knitted pink hat? This book explores the "stuff" at the heart of protests, revolutions, civil wars, and other contentious political events, with particular focus on those objects that have or acquire symbolic importance. In the context of "contentious politics" (disruptive political episodes where people try to change societies without going through institutions), certain objects can divide and unite social groups, tell stories, make declarations, spark controversy, and even trigger violent upheavals.This book draws together scholars from a variety of fields to discuss symbolic objects in contentious politics: their meanings, uses, functions, and social responses. In bringing these phenomena together, this book offers a serious, distinctive, and cohesive theoretical contribution that draws upon diverse scholarly work in order to form the building blocks for future inquiry in the field. The aim is not merely to "close the gap" in the literature, but to create space in the field for further and more fruitful inquiry.

Symbolism in politics --- Political culture --- Social conflict --- Symbolic politics --- Political science --- Culture --- feathered headdress --- Estado Novo --- streets --- Social movements --- objects --- Kurdish movement --- contentious politics --- insurrection --- Che Guevara --- revolution --- Portugal --- signatures --- Syria --- Mohamed Bouazizi --- Iran --- UK --- fire --- police brutality --- Iraq --- Occupy --- Salazar --- masks --- contention --- protest --- Canada --- Turkey --- LGBTQ --- Mekaps --- graffiti --- material culture --- weapons --- bodywork --- martyrdom --- rainbow flag --- G20 --- anti-austerity --- flags --- North Africa --- Indigenous Americans --- Middle East --- self-immolation --- walls --- Nigeria --- Tunisia --- USA --- Arab Spring --- shoes --- Thick Quang Duc --- Biafra --- Lebanon --- semiotics --- stuff

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During Nigeria’s decolonization, Swiss traders and diplomats, aware of the exceptional potential for growth, attentively observed this new market for possible business opportunities. This book focuses on multinational companies, diplomats, development cooperation actors and public opinion: it analyses underlying motivations and means, as well as the implications of their activities. Analyser les rapports économiques et diplomatiques entre le Nigeria et la Suisse revient à se pencher sur des mécanismes peu connus de la globalisation: ceux d’une relation Nord-Sud entre deux puissances moyennes et non coloniales. Pays le plus peuplé d’Afrique, le Nigeria semblait en passe de devenir, à l’aube de son indépendance, une puissance économique continentale. La Suisse, comme d’autres pays, espérait profiter de ce vaste marché promis à une expansion rapide. Entreprises multinationales, diplomates et coopérants au développement sont au centre de cet ouvrage, qui s’interroge sur les motivations, les moyens mis en œuvre et les impacts des activités de chacun. S’y ajoutent des citoyens suisses de tous âges et de tous milieux qui, bouleversés par les images télévisées d’enfants squelettiques durant la « Guerre du Biafra » en 1968, entreprirent des collectes de fonds et firent pression sur leur gouvernement pour qu’il intervienne. Ce livre donne une profondeur éclairante aux relations Suisse – Nigeria, récemment médiatisées sur leurs aspects migratoires, ou sur les pratiques opaques de négociants en pétrole établis en Suisse.

Economic History --- Business & Economics --- Economic assistance, Swiss --- Corporations, Swiss --- Switzerland --- Nigeria --- Foreign relations --- Foreign public opinion, Swiss. --- Swiss corporations --- Swiss economic assistance --- Nigeria (Federation) --- Federation of Nigeria --- Nigerija --- Federal Republic of Nigeria --- Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria --- Republic of Nigeria --- Federal Military Government (Nigeria) --- Nai-chi-li-ya --- Nigerii︠a︡ --- Bundesrepublik Nigeria --- Jamhuriyar Taraiyar Nijeriya --- Ọ̀hàńjíkọ̀ Ọ̀hànézè Naìjíríyà --- Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìniira Àpapọ̀ Nàìjíríà --- ナイジェリア --- Naijeria --- ניגריה --- Nigeryah --- Zvicra --- Confédération suisse --- Eidgenossenschaft (Swiss Confederation) --- Everlasting League --- Four Forest Cantons --- Helvetic Confederation --- Lega elvetica --- Schweiz --- Suisse --- Svizzera --- Helvetia --- Confédération de huit cantons --- Confederatio Helvetica --- Zwitserland --- Shveytsʻaria --- Suiza --- Vier Waldstätte --- Swiss Confederation --- Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft --- Shveĭt︠s︡arii︠a︡ --- Sŭwisŭ --- Shṿaits --- Schweizerische Eidtgenossenschaft --- Confederazione svizzera --- Swisserland --- Sviṭzaralaiṇḍa --- Confederaziun svizra --- Svizra --- CH (Switzerland) --- Sveitsi --- スイス --- Suisu --- Helvetic Republic --- foreign aid --- croix-rouge --- basel mission --- alusuisse --- nigeria --- public opinion --- diplomacy --- arms --- business --- switzerland --- nestlé --- humanitaire --- decolonization --- mediation --- humanitarian aid --- médiation --- development --- colonization --- guerre civile du nigeria --- trente glorieuses --- armes --- biafra --- pétrole --- décolonisation --- économie --- afrique --- oerlikon-bührle --- british empire --- propaganda --- diplomatie --- coopération au développement --- propagande --- opinion publique --- utc --- commerce --- trade --- mission de bâle --- suisse --- colonisation --- oil --- cicr --- panalpina --- icrc --- empire britannique --- nigerian civil war --- red-cross