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Two competing approaches currently dominate the debate about the state and institutions in developing countries. The first projects a picture of transnational, vertical uniformity descending from the West to developing countries and views liberal democracy as "the only game in town." In this view, the state and institutions resemble or ought to resemble those in the West. The second, by contrast, explains political outcomes by local idiosyncrasies and regional variations in institutions. In his original approach to third world politics, S. N. Sangmpam challenges both views by uncovering important similarities in the political features of developing countries. He shows that they share political behaviors and features unaccounted for in either local/idiosyncratic or liberal democratic theories. These behaviors converge toward a common property—overpoliticization—that defies political compromise, leading to an overpoliticized state. Sangmpam provides a wealth of empirical, historical, and quantitative evidence from Latin America, Asia, Africa, and the West and demonstrates the overpoliticized state constitutes the cornerstone of an integrated theory of politics in developing countries.

Developed countries --- Developing countries --- Advanced countries --- Advanced nations --- Developed nations --- Economically advanced countries --- Economically advanced nations --- First World --- Industrial countries --- Industrial nations --- Industrial societies --- Industrialized countries --- Industrialized nations --- Western countries --- Politics and government. --- Economic conditions. --- Political science. --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Social sciences --- State, The

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Why do rich countries flirt with fiscal disaster? Between the 1970s and the 2000s, during times of peace and prosperity, affluent countries-like Belgium, Greece, Italy, and Japan-accumulated so much debt that they became vulnerable and exposed themselves to the risk of default. In the past three decades, an extensive scholarly consensus emerged that these problems were created by fiscal indiscipline, the lack of sufficient concern for budgetary constraints from policy makers as they try to please voters. This approach formed the foundation for the fiscal surveillance system that attempted to bring borrowing in European countries under control via a set of fiscal rules. In the Red demonstrates that the problem of sustained, large-scale debt accumulation is an adjustment issue rather than a governance failure. Irrespective of whether the original impetus for borrowing arose from exogenous changes or irresponsible decision making, policy makers invariably initiate spending cuts and/or tax increases when debt grows at an alarming rate for several years in a row. Zsófia Barta argues that explaining why some countries accumulate substantial amounts of debt for decades hinges on understanding the conditions required to allow policy makers to successfully put into place painful adjustment measures.

Debts, Public --- Developed countries --- Developed countries. --- Foreign economic relations. --- Debts, Government --- Government debts --- National debts --- Public debt --- Public debts --- Sovereign debt --- Debt --- Bonds --- Deficit financing --- Advanced countries --- Advanced nations --- Developed nations --- Economically advanced countries --- Economically advanced nations --- First World --- Industrial countries --- Industrial nations --- Industrial societies --- Industrialized countries --- Industrialized nations --- Western countries --- Political Science --- Belgium --- Fiscal policy --- Greece --- Gross domestic product --- Ireland --- Italy --- Japan --- Social security

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This book addresses key questions about whether inequality in incomes, wealth, and education have been widening in a consistent fashion across 30 rich nations, and whether this is exacerbating social problems and undermining the healthy functioning of democratic processes.

Income --- Equality. --- Wealth. --- Social aspects. --- Affluence --- Distribution of wealth --- Fortunes --- Riches --- Business --- Economics --- Finance --- Capital --- Money --- Property --- Well-being --- Egalitarianism --- Inequality --- Social equality --- Social inequality --- Political science --- Sociology --- Democracy --- Liberty --- Family income --- Household income --- Personal income --- Wealth --- Gross national product --- Profit --- Purchasing power --- Income distribution --- Equality --- Distribution of income --- Income inequality --- Inequality of income --- Distribution (Economic theory) --- Disposable income --- Social aspects --- E-books --- Developed countries. --- Industriestaaten. --- Entwickelte Länder --- Industrieländer --- Industrienationen --- Westliche Industriestaaten --- Industriestaat --- Global North --- Globaler Norden --- Schwellenländer --- Westliche Welt --- Advanced countries --- Advanced nations --- Developed nations --- Economically advanced countries --- Economically advanced nations --- First World --- Industrial countries --- Industrial nations --- Industrial societies --- Industrialized countries --- Industrialized nations --- Western countries --- Entwickelte Länder --- Industrieländer --- Schwellenländer

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Social history --- Economic history --- World politics --- Equality. --- Knowledge, Sociology of. --- History --- History, Modern --- Egalitarianism --- Inequality --- Social equality --- Social inequality --- Political science --- Sociology --- Democracy --- Liberty --- Knowledge, Theory of (Sociology) --- Sociology of knowledge --- Communication --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Public opinion --- Social epistemology --- Philosophy. --- Philosophy --- Developed countries --- Developing countries --- Emerging nations --- Fourth World --- Global South --- LDC's --- Least developed countries --- Less developed countries --- Newly industrialized countries --- Newly industrializing countries --- NICs (Newly industrialized countries) --- Third World --- Underdeveloped areas --- Underdeveloped countries --- Advanced countries --- Advanced nations --- Developed nations --- Economically advanced countries --- Economically advanced nations --- First World --- Industrial countries --- Industrial nations --- Industrial societies --- Industrialized countries --- Industrialized nations --- Western countries --- Relations

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Developed nations strive to create the impression that their hearts and pockets bleed for the developing world. Yet, the global North continues to offer unfavorable trade terms to the global South. Truly fair trade would make reciprocal concessions to developing countries while allowing them to better their own positions. However, five hundred years of colonial racism and post-colonial paternalism have undermined trade negotiations. While urging developing countries to participate in trade, the North offers empty deals to "partners" that it regards as unequal. Using a mixed-methods approach, J. P. Singh exposes the actual position beneath the North's image of benevolence and empathy: either join in the type of trade that developed countries offer, or be cast aside as obstreperous and unwilling. Singh reveals how the global North ultimately bars developing nations from flourishing. His findings chart a path forward, showing that developing nations can garner favorable concessions by drawing on unique strengths and through collective advocacy. Sweet Talk offers a provocative rethinking of how far our international relations have come and how far we still have to go.

International economic relations --- Paternalism --- Parentalism --- Social classes --- Social control --- Social systems --- Economic policy, Foreign --- Economic relations, Foreign --- Economics, International --- Foreign economic policy --- Foreign economic relations --- Interdependence of nations --- International economic policy --- International economics --- New international economic order --- Economic policy --- International relations --- Economic sanctions --- Developing countries --- Developed countries --- Advanced countries --- Advanced nations --- Developed nations --- Economically advanced countries --- Economically advanced nations --- First World --- Industrial countries --- Industrial nations --- Industrial societies --- Industrialized countries --- Industrialized nations --- Western countries --- Emerging nations --- Fourth World --- Global South --- LDC's --- Least developed countries --- Less developed countries --- Newly industrialized countries --- Newly industrializing countries --- NICs (Newly industrialized countries) --- Third World --- Underdeveloped areas --- Underdeveloped countries --- E-books --- International economic relations. --- Paternalism.