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Volume II of The Cambridge History of War covers what in Europe is commonly called 'the Middle Ages'. It includes all of the well-known themes of European warfare, from the migrations of the Germanic peoples and the Vikings through the Reconquista, the Crusades and the age of chivalry, to the development of state-controlled gunpowder-wielding armies and the urban militias of the later middle ages; yet its scope is world-wide, ranging across Eurasia and the Americas to trace the interregional connections formed by the great Arab conquests and the expansion of Islam, the migrations of horse nomads such as the Avars and the Turks, the formation of the vast Mongol Empire, and the spread of new technologies - including gunpowder and the earliest firearms - by land and sea.

Military history, Medieval --- Military art and science --- History --- Medieval warfare --- Medieval military history

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Eine von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft getragene Forschergruppe an der Universität Regensburg untersucht seit einigen Jahren im Rahmen einer Neuen Militärgeschichte "Formen und Funktionen des Krieges im Mittelalter". Im März 2004 wurde auf einer international und interdisziplinär ausgerichteten Fachtagung, organisiert von Mitgliedern der Regensburger Forschergruppe zusammen mit dem Hamburger Institut für Sozialforschung, versucht, traditionelle Epochengrenzen, wie sie zwischen Mittelalter und Neuzeit nach wie vor bestehen, zu überwinden. Einen vielversprechenden Ansatz hierfür bot die gerade in jüngster Zeit sehr kontrovers geführte Debatte über die "Kulturen des Krieges" (John Keegan) und die mit ihr untrennbar verbundene Frage nach der typologischen Verortung der jeweiligen Konflikte. Anhand der Kategorie des "transkulturellen Krieges" wurde der Frage nachgegangen, welche Gemeinsamkeiten es zwischen mittelalterlichen und neuzeitlichen Kriegen gibt, wie neu die derzeit viel beschriebenen "Neuen Kriege" wirklich sind. Darüber hinaus wurde epochenübergreifend untersucht, was Krieg zwischen Kulturen ausmacht und wie er sich typologisch fassen lässt. War is a predominant theme in medieval as well as in modern historical research. Whereas both disciplines tend to dwell on this topic separately, this volume aims at crossing the artificial line of division between medieval and modern wars. War is regarded as a historical phenomenon the continuitiesof which prevail over any time-specific alternations. A special kind of war is the one waged between or on the line of different cultures. Such transcultural wars are currently a widespread phenomenon - but have been on the agenda throughout history. Different examples and aspects of transcultural wars are discussed in this volume. All papers were presented and discussed at a international conference held in Regensburg in March 2004 which brought war-specialists of the Middle Ages and the Modern Period together. With regard to the category of "transcultural" wars the question has been raised what medieval and modern wars have in common and whether the so called "New Wars" are that new at all. On top of that it has been examined what characteristics can be ascribed to transcultural wars, what makes these wars special and how they can best be classified.

Military history, Medieval. --- Military history, Modern. --- Culture conflict --- Cultural conflict --- Culture wars --- Conflict of cultures --- Intercultural conflict --- Social conflict --- Modern military history --- Medieval military history --- History.

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In 1345 Henry of Lancaster, earl of Derby - the most prominent soldier, diplomat and statesman of his generation - led an English royal army to the duchy of Aquitaine and inflicted two devastating defeats on the French royal forces. These were the first decisive victories for either side, and swung the course of the Hundred Years' War dramatically in England's favour. The remarkable success of theexpedition, however, has been overshadowed in history by Edward III's more celebrated victory at Crécy the following year.
This reassessment of a neglected campaign draws on a wealth of originalsource material to furnish an examination of the campaign "in the round"; recruitment, preparations and financial administration, as well as its events and achievements, are examined closely. A detailed biographical study of the individuals who took up arms under Lancaster's command forms a main part of this work: the portrayal of hundreds of careers in arms allows us to glean a sense of what life was like for soldiers in this army and in the later Middle Ages in general. An investigation of the men's martial experience, motivations for service and personal military networks provides an understanding of how and, indeed, why the army was so effective in the field of war. It also reveals much about the emergence of professionalism in English medieval armies and offers a reassessment of Lancaster's importance as a captain, administrator and diplomat, and above all, as a successful military commander.

Nicholas A. Gribit gained his PhD from the University of Leeds.

Hundred Years' War, 1339-1453. --- Hundred Years' War, 1339-1453 --- Military history, Medieval. --- Campaigns. --- Great Britain --- History, Military --- Medieval military history --- Hundred Years' War (1339-1453) --- 1066-1485 --- Medieval Period (Great Britain)

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History of Europe --- anno 1200-1299 --- anno 1000-1099 --- anno 1100-1199 --- Middle East --- Crusades --- Military history, Medieval --- Twelfth century --- 12th century --- Middle Ages --- Medieval military history --- Church history --- Chivalry --- Jerusalem --- -History --- -Crusades --- -History of Europe --- Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem --- Latin Orient --- Palestine --- History --- First, 1096-1099 --- Latin Kingdom, 1099-1244

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Military art and science --- War --- Military history, Medieval --- Art et science militaires --- Guerre --- Histoire militaire médiévale --- Coopland, George William, --- Military art and science. --- Military history, Medieval. --- War. --- Histoire militaire médiévale --- Armed conflict (War) --- Conflict, Armed (War) --- Fighting --- Hostilities --- Wars --- International relations --- Peace --- Medieval military history --- Military power --- Military science --- Warfare --- Warfare, Primitive --- Naval art and science