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There are many questions yet to be answered about how Standard English came into existence. The claim that it developed from a Central Midlands dialect propagated by clerks in the Chancery, the medieval writing office of the king, is one explanation that has dominated textbooks to date. This book reopens the debate about the origins of Standard English, challenging earlier accounts and revealing a far more complex and intriguing history. An international team of fourteen specialists offer a wide-ranging analysis, from theoretical discussions of the origin of dialects, to detailed descriptions of the history of individual Standard English features. The volume ranges from Middle English to the present day, and looks at a variety of text types. It concludes that Standard English had no one single ancestor dialect, but is the cumulative result of generations of authoritative writing from many text types.

Historical linguistics --- English language --- anno 1500-1799 --- anno 1400-1499 --- anno 1300-1399 --- Standardization. --- History. --- Grammar, Historical. --- -English language --- -Germanic languages --- Grammar, Historical --- History --- Standardization --- -Grammar, Historical --- Grammar [Historical ] --- Arts and Humanities --- Language & Linguistics --- Germanic languages --- English language - Standardization. --- English language - History. --- English language - Grammar, Historical. --- ANGLAIS (LANGUE) --- NORMALISATION --- 1100-1500 (MOYEN-ANGLAIS) --- 1500-1700 (MODERNE)

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Philosophy and psychology of culture --- Social ethics --- Nutritionary hygiene. Diet

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English literature --- American literature --- Veganism in literature. --- Ethics in literature. --- Food habits in literature. --- Littérature anglaise. --- Littérature américaine. --- Véganisme --- Morale --- Alimentation --- History and criticism. --- Dans la littérature. --- Littérature anglaise. --- Littérature américaine. --- Véganisme --- Dans la littérature.

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The complex linguistic situation of earlier multilingual Britain has led to numerous contact-induced changes in the history of English. However, bi- and multilingual texts, which are attested in a large variety of text types, are still an underresearched aspect of earlier linguistic contact. Such texts, which switch between Latin, English and French, have increasingly been recognized as instances of written code-switching and as highly relevant evidence for the linguistic strategies which medieval and early modern multilingual speakers used for different purposes. The contributions in this volume approach this phenomenon of mixed-language texts from the point of view of code-switching, an important mechanism of linguistic change. Based on a variety of text types and genres from the medieval and Early Modern English periods, the individual papers present detailed linguistic analyses of a large number of texts, addressing a variety of issues, including methodological questions as well as functional, pragmatic, syntactic and lexical aspects of language mixing. The very specific nature of language mixing in some text types also raises important theoretical questions such as the distinction between borrowing and switching, the existence of discrete linguistic codes in earlier multilingual Britain and, more generally, the possible limits of the code-switching paradigm for the analysis of these mixed texts from the early history of English. Thus the volume is of particular interest not only for historical linguists, medievalists and students of the history of English, but also for sociolinguists, psycholinguists, language theorists and typologists.

Code switching (Linguistics) --- English language --- Middle English language --- Anglo-Saxon language --- Old English language --- West Saxon dialect --- Germanic languages --- Old Saxon language --- Language shift --- Switching (Linguistics) --- Bilingualism --- Linguistics --- Diglossia (Linguistics) --- Variation --- Script switching (Linguistics) --- Englisch/Language. --- Historical Linguistics. --- Language Contact and Change. --- Pragmatics. --- Romance Languages.

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Traders around the world use particular spoken argots, to guard commercial secrets or to cement their identity as members of a certain group. The written registers of traders, too, in correspondence and other commercial texts show significant differences from the language used in official, legal or private writing. This volume suggests a clear cross-linguistic tendency that mercantile writing displays a greater degree of language mixing, code-switching and linguistic innovations, and, by setting precedents, promote language change.This interdisciplinary volume aims to place the traders' languages within a wider sociolinguistic context. Questions addressed include: What differences can be observed between mercantile registers and those of court or legal scribes? Do the traders' texts show the early emergence of features that take longer to permeate into the 'higher' varieties of the same language? Do they anticipate language change in the standard register or influence it by setting linguistic precedents? What sets traders' letters apart from private correspondence and other 'low' registers? The book will also examine bilingualism, semi-bilingualism, reasons for code-switching and the choice of particular languages over others in commercial correspondence.

Language and languages --- Multicultural education. --- Multilingualism --- Study and teaching. --- Social aspects. --- Plurilingualism --- Polyglottism --- Intercultural education --- Education --- Culturally relevant pedagogy --- Foreign language study --- Language and education --- Language schools --- Multicultural education --- Study and teaching --- Social aspects --- E-books --- Culturally sustaining pedagogy --- Multilingualism Social aspects --- Language and languages Study and teaching --- Historical Linguistics. --- Language Change and Variation. --- Merchants. --- Registers.