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338.24 <47>

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Alternative strategies of economic development have received little attention in the literature. Academics rarely compare certain strategic features or assess the performance of different strategies in terms of outcomes. This book seeks to address that gap and to provide a theoretical background to the shift from industry to human capital-intensive services as the engine of economic growth. Pioneering studies reveal interesting trends and patterns that point to the growing importance of intangible capital for the level of GDP. They also indicate a much greater role of economic freedom in bringing about this second great structural change than was the case with industrialization. With this perspective on structural change and the role of freedom, Shortcut or Piecemeal also provides an extensive assessment of four key developing countries: Brazil, Russia, India, and China. Subjects: 1. Central planning—History. 2. Economic development—History

E-books --- Economic development --- Central planning --- History --- Central economic planning --- Centrally planned economy --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Economic policy --- Planning --- History. --- Brazil, China, Economic development, Economic growth, History, India, Political economy, Russia.

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The transformation of state-owned enterprises into privately owned ones is commonly referred to as 'privatization'. Just as important as this process, though sometimes not given the attention it deserves and requires, is the establishment and expansion of new private firms.This book analyzes new entrepreneurial firms that emerge and occasionally flourish after a period of state communism has come to an end. The authors rightly focus on the aftermath of the end of communism by looking first at the inevitable output decline, followed by an overview of new entrepreneurial firms. Specific East

Economic order --- Firms and enterprises --- Eastern and Central Europe --- Privatization --- New business enterprises --- Former communist countries --- Europe, Eastern --- Economic policy. --- Economic policy --- Business starts --- Development stage enterprises --- How to start a business --- New companies --- Start-up business enterprises --- Start-up companies --- Start-ups (Business enterprises) --- Starting a business --- Startups (Business enterprises) --- Denationalization --- Privatisation --- Former Soviet bloc --- Second world (Former communist countries) --- Business enterprises --- Business incubators --- Contracting out --- Corporatization --- Government ownership --- Communist countries