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This paper examines the effect of the efficiency of the education system on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). First, it focuses on the external efficiency and applies a frontier-based measure as a proxy of the ability of countries to optimally convert the average years of schooling into income for individuals. Second, it shows the relationship between the external efficiency of the education system and FDI inflows by applying GMM regression technique. The results show that the efficiency level varies across regions and countries and appears to be driven by higher education and secondary vocational education. Similarly to other studies in the literature, there is no significant relationship between the average years of schooling and FDI inflows. However, this study shows that the external efficiency of the education system is important for FDI inflows. Improving the external efficiency of the education system can play a role in attracting FDI especially in non-resource rich countries, nonlandloked countries and countries in the low and medium human development groups.
Investments, Foreign. --- Capital exports --- Capital imports --- FDI (Foreign direct investment) --- Foreign direct investment --- Foreign investment --- Foreign investments --- International investment --- Offshore investments --- Outward investments --- Capital movements --- Investments --- Exports and Imports --- Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Economic Development: Human Resources --- Human Development --- Income Distribution --- Migration --- Education and Economic Development --- Multinational Firms --- International Business --- Education: General --- International Investment --- Long-term Capital Movements --- Human Capital --- Skills --- Occupational Choice --- Labor Productivity --- Demand and Supply of Labor: General --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- Education --- Finance --- Labour --- income economics --- Human capital --- Labor markets --- Personal income --- Balance of payments --- National accounts --- Investments, Foreign --- Labor market --- Income --- China, People's Republic of --- Income economics
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This paper revisits the effects of corruption on the state’s capacity to raise revenue, building on the existing empirical literature using new and more disaggregated data. We use a comprehensive dataset for 147 countries spanning 1995-2014, compiled by the IMF. It finds that—consistent with the existing literature—corruption is negatively associated with overall tax revenue, and most of its components. This relationship is predominantly influenced by the way corruption interacts with tax compliance. The establishment of large taxpayer offices improves tax compliance by dampening the perception of corruption, thereby boosting revenue.
Public Finance --- Taxation --- Criminology --- Bureaucracy --- Administrative Processes in Public Organizations --- Corruption --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Tax Evasion and Avoidance --- Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- Corporate crime --- white-collar crime --- Public finance & taxation --- Welfare & benefit systems --- Revenue administration --- Large taxpayer office --- Social security contributions --- Taxes on trade --- Revenue --- Tax administration and procedure --- Social security --- White-collar crime
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