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Where have emoji come from? Why are they so popular? What do they tell us about the technology-enhanced state of modern society? Far from simply being an amusing set of colourful little symbols, emoji are in the front line of a revolution in the way we communicate. As a form of global, image-based communication, they're a perfect example of the ingenuity and creativity at the heart of human interaction. But they're also a parable for the way that consumerism now permeates all parts of our daily existence, taking a controlling interest even in the language we use; and of how technology is becoming ever more entangled in our everyday lives. So how will this split-identity affect the way that online communication develops? Are emoji ushering in a bold new era of empathy and emotional engagement on the internet? Or are they a first sign that we're handing over the future of human interaction to the machines?

Emojis. --- Communication -- Technological innovations. --- Symbolism in communication. --- Communication --- Technological innovations. --- Émojis. --- Symbolism in communication --- Interpersonal communication --- Technological innovations --- Communication - Technological innovations --- Interpersonal communication. --- Émojis.

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This Element examines the way that Boris Johnson's government handled the early months of the Covid crisis in the UK, with a particular focus on the role of rhetoric and communication in enacting their leadership strategy.

Communication in politics. --- COVID-19 (Disease) --- Government policy --- Johnson, Boris. --- Great Britain --- Politics and government --- 2019-nCoV disease --- 2019 novel coronavirus disease --- Coronavirus disease-19 --- Coronavirus disease 2019 --- COVID-19 virus disease --- COVID19 (Disease) --- Novel coronavirus disease, 2019 --- SARS coronavirus 2 disease --- SARS-CoV-2 disease --- Coronavirus infections --- Respiratory infections --- Political communication --- Political science --- Johnson, Boris --- Johnson, Alexander Boris de Pfeffel

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This book investigates the relationship between English and personal and national development, as this is both discursively promoted (particularly through language policy) and practically realized in developing societies. It addresses the effects that the increased use of English and the promotion of English-language education are having in developmental contexts, and their impact on broader educational issues, on local language ecologies and on questions of cultural identity. It investigates these issues by drawing together a series of original examinations and case studies by a range of leading scholars working in this burgeoning field. The chapters focus on a variety of contexts from around the world, and the volume as a whole surveys and critiques the positioning and influence of English as a catalyst for development in the 21st century.

Language policy --- English language --- Language and languages --- Study and teaching. --- Study and teaching --- Globalization. --- Variation. --- Political aspects. --- Glottopolitics --- Institutional linguistics --- Language and state --- Languages, National --- Languages, Official --- National languages --- Official languages --- State and language --- Government policy --- Communication policy --- Language planning --- Germanic languages --- Dialects --- Globalization --- Variation --- Political aspects --- E-books --- English language Study and teaching --- Language and languages Political aspects --- English as a lingua franca. --- English language education. --- English language teaching. --- English-medium instruction. --- cultural identity. --- globalisation. --- globalization. --- international development. --- language development. --- language policies. --- local language ecologies.