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1 International Perspectives on Maps and the Internet: An Introduction Michael P. Peterson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 Delivering geospatial information with Web 2. 0 William Cartwright . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3 Map design for the Internet Bernhard Jenny, Helen Jenny, Stefan Räber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4 Web Cartography and the Dissemination of Cartographic Information about Coastal Inundation and Sea Level Rise Mark Monmonier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 5 An Elastic Map System with Cognitive Map-based Operations Naohisa Takahashi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 1 International Perspectives on Maps and the Internet: An Introduction Michael P. Peterson 1. 1 Introduction The Mosaic browser, the ? rst to support graphics, was introduced in 1993 and, at some point during that year, the ? rst map was transmitted through the Internet to a web page. Little notice was taken of the ? rst web map but the development of Internet cartography since has been nothing but remarkable. The new medium of communication changed maps from static entities on paper to dynamic products of interaction. Millions of maps are now created by servers every hour and transmitted through the Internet. When we need to ? nd a place or ? nd out about a place, we turn immediately to these servers through the Internet. In a few short years, the World Wide Web has transformed the Internet into the primary medium for the dissemi- tion of spatial information in the form of maps.

Geodesy. Cartography --- Geology. Earth sciences --- Information systems --- Computer. Automation --- geodesie --- ICT (informatie- en communicatietechnieken) --- informatica --- informatiesystemen --- geologie

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1 International Perspectives on Maps and the Internet: An Introduction Michael P. Peterson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 Delivering geospatial information with Web 2. 0 William Cartwright . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3 Map design for the Internet Bernhard Jenny, Helen Jenny, Stefan Räber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4 Web Cartography and the Dissemination of Cartographic Information about Coastal Inundation and Sea Level Rise Mark Monmonier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 5 An Elastic Map System with Cognitive Map-based Operations Naohisa Takahashi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 1 International Perspectives on Maps and the Internet: An Introduction Michael P. Peterson 1. 1 Introduction The Mosaic browser, the ? rst to support graphics, was introduced in 1993 and, at some point during that year, the ? rst map was transmitted through the Internet to a web page. Little notice was taken of the ? rst web map but the development of Internet cartography since has been nothing but remarkable. The new medium of communication changed maps from static entities on paper to dynamic products of interaction. Millions of maps are now created by servers every hour and transmitted through the Internet. When we need to ? nd a place or ? nd out about a place, we turn immediately to these servers through the Internet. In a few short years, the World Wide Web has transformed the Internet into the primary medium for the dissemi- tion of spatial information in the form of maps.

Geodesy. Cartography --- Geology. Earth sciences --- Information systems --- Computer. Automation --- geodesie --- ICT (informatie- en communicatietechnieken) --- informatica --- informatiesystemen --- geologie

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This book provides for the first time a general overview of research activities related to location and map-based services. These activities have emerged over the last years, especially around issues of positioning, spatial modelling, cartographic communication as well as in the fields of ubiquitious cartography, geo-pervasive services, user-centered modelling and geo-wiki activities. The innovative and contemporary character of these topics has lead to a great variety of interdisciplinary contributions, from academia to business, from computer science to geodesy. Topics cover an enormous range with heterogenous relationships to the main book issues. Whilst contemporary cartography aims at looking at new and efficient ways for communicating spatial information the development and availability of technologies like mobile networking, mobile devices or short-range sensors lead to interesting new possibilities for achieving this aim. By trying to make use of available technologies, cartography and a variety of related disciplines look specifically at user-centered and conte- aware system development, as well as new forms of supporting wayfinding and navigation systems. Contributions are provided in five main sections and they cover all of these aspects and give a picture of the new and expanding field of Location Based Services and TeleCartography. Georg Gartner, Vienna, Austria William Cartwright, Melbourne, Australia Michael Peterson, Omaha, USA Table of Contents Georg Gartner LBS and TeleCartography: About the book. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 A series of Symposiums on LBS and TeleCartography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 Progression of Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. 1 Terms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. 2 Elements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3 Structure of the book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Geodesy. Cartography --- Geology. Earth sciences --- Information systems --- Computer. Automation --- Environmental planning --- Physical geography --- Social geography --- geodesie --- ICT (informatie- en communicatietechnieken) --- ruimtelijke ordening --- informatica --- informatiesystemen --- geologie --- fysische geografie

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Society is expecting and demanding more 3D support since users have - perienced the added value in emerging visualisation applications such as 3D globe based interfaces, navigation systems presenting a 3D perspective, etc. Due to the rapid developments in sensor techniques more 3D data have - come available. E?ective algorithms for (semi) automatic object reconstr- tion are required. Integration of existing 2D objects with height data is a non-trivial process, and further research is needed. The resulting 3D models can be maintained in several forms: TEN (Tetrahedral Network), constr- tive solid geometry (CSG) models, regular polytopes, TIN boundary r- resentation and 3D volume quad edge structure, layered/topology models, voxel based models, 3D models used in urban planning/polyhedrons, and n-dimensional models including time. 3D analysis and 3D simulation te- niques explore and extend the possibilities of spatial applications. In such a dynamic scienti?c environment, it is very important to have high quality and an open exchange of ideas on these new developments. It is also very important to carefully review and document the progress that is made. This book and the associated 3D GeoInfo workshop are an attempt to achieve this goal. The workshop is the second in a series on 3D geo-information. The previous event took place in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, on 7-8 August 2006 (http://www. fksg. utm. my/3dgeoinfo2006). Selected papers from the ?rst workshop were published in ˜Innovations in 3D Geo Information Systems', Springer-Verlag, 2006.

Geodesy. Cartography --- Geology. Earth sciences --- Computer. Automation --- geodesie --- informatica --- geologie