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From Privileges to Rights connects the changing fortunes of tradesmen in early New York to the emergence of a conception of subjective rights that accompanied the transition to a republican and liberal order in eighteenth-century America.Tradesmen in New Amsterdam occupied a distinct social position and, with varying levels of success, secured privileges such as a reasonable reward and the exclusion of strangers from their commerce. The struggle to maintain these privileges figured in the transition to English rule as well as Leisler's Rebellion. Using hitherto unexamined records from the New York City Mayor's Court, Simon Middleton also demonstrates that, rather than merely mastering skilled crafts in workshops, artisans participated in whatever enterprises and markets promised profits with a minimum of risk. Bakers, butchers, and carpenters competed in a bustling urban economy knit together by credit that connected their fortunes to the Atlantic trade.In the early eighteenth century, political and legal changes diminished earlier social distinctions and the grounds for privileges, while an increasing reliance on slave labor stigmatized menial toil. When an economic and a constitutional crisis prompted the importation of radical English republican ideas, artisans were recast artisans as virtuous male property owners whose consent was essential for legitimate government. In this way, an artisanal subject emerged that provided a constituency for the development of a populist and egalitarian republican political culture in New York City.

History of North America --- anno 1600-1699 --- anno 1700-1799 --- New York State --- New York City --- Working class --- Entrepreneurship --- Artisans --- History. --- New York (N.Y.) --- History --- Entrepreneur --- Intrapreneur --- Capitalism --- Business incubators --- Commons (Social order) --- Labor and laboring classes --- Laboring class --- Labouring class --- Working classes --- Social classes --- Labor --- Artizans --- Craftsmen --- Craftspeople --- Craftspersons --- Skilled labor --- Cottage industries --- Employment --- E-books --- American History. --- American Studies. --- New York [state] --- New York City [New York]

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Evaluates thought-leaders in e-commerce. This book explores the impact and significance of e-business as illustrated by the work and thinking of a number of key players in the field. Its aim is to be a guide for business people who are looking to make optimal and profitable use of e-business, as well as to students.

Electronic commerce. --- Electronic commerce --- Commerce --- Business & Economics --- Marketing & Sales --- Cybercommerce --- E-business --- E-commerce --- E-tailing --- eBusiness --- eCommerce --- Electronic business --- Internet commerce --- Internet retailing --- Online commerce --- Web retailing --- Information superhighway

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Since the British colonial period anthropology has been central to policy in India. But today, while the Indian state continues to use ethnography to govern, those who were the "objects" of study are harnessing disciplinary knowledge to redefine their communities, achieve greater prosperity, and secure political rights. In this groundbreaking study, Townsend Middleton tracks these newfound "lives" of anthropology. Offering simultaneous ethnographies of the people of Darjeeling's quest for "tribal" status and the government anthropologists handling their claims, Middleton exposes how minorities are—and are not—recognized for affirmative action and autonomy. We encounter communities putting on elaborate spectacles of sacrifice, exorcism, bows and arrows, and blood drinking to prove their "primitiveness" and "backwardness." Conversely, we see government anthropologists struggle for the ethnographic truth as communities increasingly turn academic paradigms back upon the state. The Demands of Recognition offers a compelling look at the escalating politics of tribal recognition in India. At once ethnographic and historical, it chronicles how multicultural governance has motivated the people of Darjeeling to ethnologically redefine themselves—from Gorkha to tribal and back. But as these communities now know, not all forms of difference are legible in the eyes of the state. The Gorkhas' search for recognition has only amplified these communities' anxieties about who they are—and who they must be—if they are to attain the rights, autonomy, and belonging they desire.

Gorkha (South Asian people) --- Ethnology --- Ethnicity --- Identity politics --- Identity (Psychology) --- Politics of identity --- Political participation --- Ethnic identity --- Group identity --- Cultural fusion --- Multiculturalism --- Cultural pluralism --- Cultural anthropology --- Ethnography --- Races of man --- Social anthropology --- Anthropology --- Human beings --- Ghoorka (South Asian people) --- Ghurka (South Asian people) --- Goorkha (South Asian people) --- Gurkha (South Asian people) --- Gurkhas --- Politics and government. --- Government relations. --- Ethnic identity. --- Political aspects --- Darjeeling (India : District) --- Dārjiliṃ Jelā (India) --- Dārjiling (India : District) --- Scheduled tribes --- Government policy.

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World history. --- Monarchy --- Kings and rulers --- Czars (Kings and rulers) --- Kings and rulers, Primitive --- Monarchs --- Royalty --- Rulers --- Sovereigns --- Tsars --- Tzars --- Heads of state --- Queens --- Kingdom (Monarchy) --- Executive power --- Political science --- Royalists --- Universal history --- History

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