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Historical fiction, American --- History and criticism --- Doctorow, E L, --- Criticism and interpretation --- -American historical fiction --- American fiction --- Doctorow, E. L. --- -Criticism and interpretation --- History and criticism. --- -History and criticism --- Doctorow, E. L., --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Doctorow, Edgar Laurence --- Historical fiction, American - History and criticism --- Doctorow, E L, - 1931- - Criticism and interpretation --- Doctorow, E L, - 1931 --- -Historical fiction, American --- Doctorow, E L, - 1931-
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Using accessible archival sources, a team of historians reveal how much the USA, Britain, Switzerland and Sweden knew about the Nazi attempt to murder all the Jews of Europe during World War II.
Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) --- World War, 1939-1945 --- Holocauste, 1939-1945 --- 2ème guerre mondiale --- 2eme Guerre mondiale --- Historiography. --- Moral and ethical aspects. --- Social aspects. --- Collaborationists --- Jews --- Rescue. --- Historiographie --- Aspect moral --- Aspect social --- Collaborateurs --- Juifs --- Sauvetage --- Rescue of Jews, 1939-1945 --- Quislings --- Rescue, 1939-1945 --- Righteous Gentiles in the Holocaust --- Fifth column --- Catastrophe, Jewish (1939-1945) --- Destruction of the Jews (1939-1945) --- Extermination, Jewish (1939-1945) --- Holocaust, Nazi --- Ḥurban (1939-1945) --- Ḥurbn (1939-1945) --- Jewish Catastrophe (1939-1945) --- Jewish Holocaust (1939-1945) --- Nazi Holocaust --- Nazi persecution of Jews --- Shoʾah (1939-1945) --- Genocide --- Kindertransports (Rescue operations) --- Collaborationists. --- Occupied territories --- Nazi persecution --- Persecutions --- Atrocities --- Jewish resistance --- Holocaust, Nazi (Jewish Holocaust) --- Nazi Holocaust (Jewish Holocaust) --- Nazi persecution (1939-1945)
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The initial government debt-to-GDP ratio and the government’s commitment play a pivotal role in determining the welfare-optimal speed of fiscal consolidation in the management of a debt crisis. Under commitment, for low or moderate initial government debt-to-GPD ratios, the optimal consolidation is very slow. A faster pace is optimal when the economy starts from a high level of public debt implying high sovereign risk premia, unless these are suppressed via a bailout by official creditors. Under discretion, the cost of not being able to commit is reflected into a quick consolidation of government debt. Simple monetary-fiscal rules with passive fiscal policy, designed for an environment with “normal shocks”, perform reasonably well in mimicking the Ramsey-optimal response to one-off government debt shocks. When the government can issue also long-term bonds–under commitment–the optimal debt consolidation pace is slower than in the case of short-term bonds only, and entails an increase in the ratio between long and short-term bonds.
Debts, Public. --- Monetary policy. --- Fiscal policy. --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Economic policy --- Finance, Public --- Monetary management --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Debts, Government --- Government debts --- National debts --- Public debt --- Public debts --- Sovereign debt --- Debt --- Bonds --- Deficit financing --- Government policy --- Financial Risk Management --- Investments: Bonds --- Public Finance --- Monetary Policy --- Fiscal Policy --- Crisis Management --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Public finance & taxation --- Investment & securities --- Macroeconomics --- Finance --- Expenditure --- Fiscal policy --- Debt management --- Financial institutions --- Asset and liability management --- Debts, Public --- Expenditures, Public --- United States
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