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This interesting book reviews WMAP's main results (2003) and discusses in detail how the accurate qualitative results for the "age" of the universe and the Hubble constant were anticipated in an article published five years before in Acta Cosmologica, Krakow. In the final chapter on "Cosmic Numbers", it is shown that, as a result of the coincidence at decoupling time between atom formation and matter/radiation equality, a reasonable cosmic justification for the mass ratio of protons and electrons is obtained.
Cosmology. --- Astrophysics. --- Cosmic physics. --- Cosmic background radiation. --- Big bang theory. --- Intelligent design (Teleology) --- Design, Intelligent (Teleology) --- Natural theology --- Philosophy of nature --- Teleology --- Creationism --- God --- Big bang cosmology --- Superdense theory --- Cosmogony --- Cosmology --- Expanding universe --- Background radiation, Cosmic --- Cosmic microwave background --- Cosmic microwave radiation --- Microwave background --- Extraterrestrial radiation --- Physics --- Space sciences --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Deism --- Metaphysics --- Proof, Teleological --- Cosmic Background Explorer (Satellite) --- COBE (Satellite)
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Very often, contemporary theoretical cosmologists ignore the crucial contributions made in Medieval Europe to the birth of modern physics. This book intends to bridge the gap in accessible language for the non specialist. This book puts in a proper historical perspective, that the universe is intelligible as attested by the monumental fact of modern science, and, therefore, that it is contingent, and therefore created.
Cosmology. --- Astronomy. --- Astronomy --- Deism --- Metaphysics
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The 20th Century has been called the Century of Physics. It could be even more appropriate to call it the Century of Solid State Physics. All the technological developments which had changed the world by the end of the century had been based upon previous scientific developments in Solid State Physics. The Braggs, Debye, Bardeen, Landau were certainly at the forefront of all those revolutionary changes.
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Physicists --- Solid state physics --- Physics --- Solids --- History --- anno 2000-2099
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th We are proud to present the proceedings of the 10 European Conference on Digital Libraries (ECDL 2006) which, following Pisa (1997), Heraklion (1998), Paris(1999),Lisbon(2000),Darmstadt(2001),Rome(2002),Trondheim(2003), Bath (2004) and Vienna (2005), took place on September 17-22, 2006 at the UniversityofAlicante,Spain.Overthelasttenyears,ECDLhascreatedastrong interdisciplinarycommunityofresearchersandpractitionersinthe?eldofdigital libraries, and has formed a substantial body of scholarly publications contained th in the conference proceedings. As a commemorationof its 10 anniversary,and by special arrangementwith Springer,these proceedingsinclude (as an attached CD-ROM) an electronic copy of all ECDL proceedings since its inception in 1997: a small but rich digital library on digital libraries. ECDL2006featuredseparatecallsforpaperandpostersubmissions,resulting in 130 full papers and 29 posters being submitted to the conference. All papers were subject to an in-depth peer-review process; three reviews per submission were produced by a Program Committee of 92 members and 42 additional - viewers from 30 countries. Finally, 36 full paper submissions were accepted at the Program Committee meeting, resulting in an acceptance rate of 28%. Also, 15 poster submissions plus 18 full paper submissions were accepted as poster or demopresentations,whicharealsoincludedinthisvolumeasfour-pageextended abstracts. The conference program started on Sunday 17 with a rich tutorials program, whichincludedatutorialonthesauriandontologiesindigitallibrariesbyDag- ert Soergel, and introduction to digital libraries by Ed Fox, a tutorial on bri- ing digital libraries to distributed infrastructures by Thomas Risse and Claudia Nieder´ ee,a descriptionof the Fedorarepositoryand serviceframeworkbySandy Payette and Carl Lagoze, a tutorial on creating full-featured institutional rep- itories combining DSpace ETD-db and DigiTool, and a tutorial on the use of XML and TEI for content production and metadata.
Graphics industry --- Programming --- Information systems --- Computer. Automation --- ICT (informatie- en communicatietechnieken) --- IR (information retrieval) --- grafische technieken --- informatica --- multimedia --- informatiesystemen --- database management
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This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on Multilingual and Multimodal Information Access Evaluation, in continuation of the popular CLEF campaigns and workshops that have run for the last decade, CLEF 2011, held in Amsterdem, The Netherlands, in September 2011. The 14 revised full papers presented together with 2 keynote talks were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers accepted for the conference included research on evaluation methods and settings, natural language processing within different domains and languages, multimedia and reflections on CLEF. Two keynote speakers highlighted important developments in the field of evaluation: the role of users in evaluation and a framework for the use of crowdsourcing experiments in the setting of retrieval evaluation.
Computer architecture. Operating systems --- Information systems --- Computer. Automation --- Mathematical linguistics --- Linguistics --- IR (information retrieval) --- spraaktechnologie --- informatica --- vertalen --- database management
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th We are proud to present the proceedings of the 10 European Conference on Digital Libraries (ECDL 2006) which, following Pisa (1997), Heraklion (1998), Paris(1999),Lisbon(2000),Darmstadt(2001),Rome(2002),Trondheim(2003), Bath (2004) and Vienna (2005), took place on September 17-22, 2006 at the UniversityofAlicante,Spain.Overthelasttenyears,ECDLhascreatedastrong interdisciplinarycommunityofresearchersandpractitionersinthe?eldofdigital libraries, and has formed a substantial body of scholarly publications contained th in the conference proceedings. As a commemorationof its 10 anniversary,and by special arrangementwith Springer,these proceedingsinclude (as an attached CD-ROM) an electronic copy of all ECDL proceedings since its inception in 1997: a small but rich digital library on digital libraries. ECDL2006featuredseparatecallsforpaperandpostersubmissions,resulting in 130 full papers and 29 posters being submitted to the conference. All papers were subject to an in-depth peer-review process; three reviews per submission were produced by a Program Committee of 92 members and 42 additional - viewers from 30 countries. Finally, 36 full paper submissions were accepted at the Program Committee meeting, resulting in an acceptance rate of 28%. Also, 15 poster submissions plus 18 full paper submissions were accepted as poster or demopresentations,whicharealsoincludedinthisvolumeasfour-pageextended abstracts. The conference program started on Sunday 17 with a rich tutorials program, whichincludedatutorialonthesauriandontologiesindigitallibrariesbyDag- ert Soergel, and introduction to digital libraries by Ed Fox, a tutorial on bri- ing digital libraries to distributed infrastructures by Thomas Risse and Claudia Nieder´ ee,a descriptionof the Fedorarepositoryand serviceframeworkbySandy Payette and Carl Lagoze, a tutorial on creating full-featured institutional rep- itories combining DSpace ETD-db and DigiTool, and a tutorial on the use of XML and TEI for content production and metadata.
Graphics industry --- Programming --- Information systems --- Computer. Automation --- ICT (informatie- en communicatietechnieken) --- IR (information retrieval) --- grafische technieken --- informatica --- multimedia --- informatiesystemen --- database management
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The ?fth campaign of the Cross-Language Evaluation Forum (CLEF) for Eu- pean languages was held from January to September 2004. Participation in the CLEF campaigns has increased each year and CLEF 2004 was no exception: 55 groups submitted results for one or more of the di?erent tracks compared with 42 groups in the previous year. CLEF 2004 also marked a breaking point with respect to previous campaigns. The focus was no longer mainly concentrated on multilingual document retrieval as in previous years but was diversi?ed to include di?erent kinds of text retrieval across languages (e. g. , exact answers in the question-answering track) and retrieval on di?erent kinds of media (i. e. , not just plain text but collections containing image and speech as well). In ad- tion, increasing attention was given to issues that regard system usability and user satisfaction with tasks to measure the e?ectiveness of interactive systems or system components being included in both the cross-language question - swering and image retrieval tasks with the collaboration of the coordinators of the interactive track. The campaign culminated in a two-and-a-half-day workshop held in Bath, UK, 15-17 September, immediately following the 8th European Conference on Digital Libraries. The workshop was attended by nearly 100 researchers and s- tem developers.
Information systems --- Artificial intelligence. Robotics. Simulation. Graphics --- Computer. Automation --- Translation science --- Linguistics --- ICT (informatie- en communicatietechnieken) --- IR (information retrieval) --- vertalen --- linguïstiek --- informatiesystemen --- robots
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The tenth campaign of the Cross Language Evaluation Forum (CLEF) for European languages was held from January to September 2009. There were eight main eval- tion tracks in CLEF 2009 plus a pilot task. The aim, as usual, was to test the perfo- ance of a wide range of multilingual information access (MLIA) systems or system components. This year, about 150 groups, mainly but not only from academia, reg- tered to participate in the campaign. Most of the groups were from Europe but there was also a good contingent from North America and Asia. The results were presented at a two-and-a-half day workshop held in Corfu, Greece, September 30 to October 2, 2009, in conjunction with the European Conference on Digital Libraries. The workshop, attended by 160 researchers and system developers, provided the opportunity for all the groups that had participated in the evaluation campaign to get together, compare approaches and exchange ideas.
Information retrieval --- Mathematical statistics --- Programming --- Computer architecture. Operating systems --- Information systems --- Artificial intelligence. Robotics. Simulation. Graphics --- Computer. Automation --- patroonherkenning --- NLP (neurolinguïstisch programmeren) --- factoranalyse --- datamining --- applicatiebeheer --- apps --- informatiesystemen --- database management --- architectuur (informatica) --- data acquisition
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The sixth campaign of the Cross Language Evaluation Forum (CLEF) for European languages was held from January to September 2005. CLEF is by now an established international evaluation initiative and 74 groups from all over the world submitted results for one or more of the different evaluation tracks in 2005, compared with 54 groups in 2004. There were eight distinct evaluation tracks, designed to test the performance of a wide range of systems for multilingual information access. Full details regarding the design of the tracks, the methodologies used for evaluation, and the results obtained by the participants can be found in the different sections of these proceedings. As always the results of the campaign were reported and discussed at the annual workshop held in Vienna, Austria, September 21-23, immediately following the ninth European Conference on Digital Libraries. The workshop was attended by approximately 110 academic and industrial researchers and system developers. In addition to presentations by participants in the campaign, Noriko Kando from the National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, gave an invited talk on the activities of the NTCIR evaluation initiative for Asian languages. Breakout sessions gave participants a chance to discuss ideas and results in detail. The final session was dedicated to proposals for activities for CLEF 2006. The presentations given at the workshop can be found on the CLEF Web site at: www. clef-campaign. org. We should like to thank the other members of the CLEF Steering Committee for their assistance in the coordination of this event.
Information systems --- Artificial intelligence. Robotics. Simulation. Graphics --- Computer. Automation --- Translation science --- Linguistics --- ICT (informatie- en communicatietechnieken) --- IR (information retrieval) --- vertalen --- linguïstiek --- informatiesystemen --- KI (kunstmatige intelligentie) --- robots
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