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In the summer of 972 a group of Muslim brigands based in the south of France near La Garde-Freinet abducted the abbot of Cluny as he and his entourage crossed the Alps en route from Rome to Burgundy. Ultimately, the abbot was set free and returned home safely, but the audacity of this abduction outraged Christian leaders and galvanized the will of local lords. Shortly thereafter, Count William of Arles marshaled an army and succeeded in wiping out the Muslim stronghold. In Cluny and the Muslims of La Garde-Freinet, Scott G. Bruce uses this extraordinary incident, largely overlooked by contemporary scholars, to examine Christian perceptions of Islam in the Middle Ages. The monks of Cluny kept the tale of their abbot's abduction alive over the next century in hagiographical works and chronicles written to promote his sanctity. Bruce explores the telling and retelling of this story, focusing particularly on the representation of Islam in each account, and how that representation changed over time. The culminating figure in this study is Peter the Venerable, one of Europe's leading intellectuals and abbot of Cluny from 1122 to 1156. Remembered today largely for his views of Islam, Peter commissioned Latin translations of Muslim historical and devotional texts including the Qur'an. As Bruce shows, Peter's thinking on Islam had its roots in the hagiographical tradition of the abduction at La Garde-Freinet. In fact, Peter drew from the stories as he crafted a "Muslim policy" relevant to the mid-twelfth century, a time of great anxiety about Islam in the aftermath of the failed Second Crusade. Compellingly written, Cluny and the Muslims of La Garde-Freinet provides us with an unparalleled opportunity to examine Christian perceptions of Islam in the Crusading era.

Christian hagiography --- Christianity and other religions --- Islam --- Muslims --- History --- Relations --- Christianity --- Majolus, --- Peter, --- Cluny (Benedictine abbey) --- Mohammedans --- Moors (People) --- Moslems --- Muhammadans --- Musalmans --- Mussalmans --- Mussulmans --- Mussulmen --- Religious adherents --- Controversial literature --- Maieul, --- Maiolus, --- Mayeul, --- Petrus, --- Peṭrus, --- Pierre le Vénérable, --- Pierre, --- Pietro, --- פטרוס, --- Cluny, France (Benedictine abbey) --- Cluny Abbey --- Abbaye de Cluny --- Abbey of Cluny --- Cluny (France). --- Cluniacs --- History. --- Syncretism (Christianity) --- Religions --- Mohammedanism --- Muhammadanism --- Muslimism --- Mussulmanism --- Early works to 1800. --- Monks, Cluny, Islam, Religious Conversion, Hagiography. --- Christian hagiography - History - To 1500 --- Christianity and other religions - Islam - Early works to 1800 --- Islam - Controversial literature - Early works to 1800 --- Islam - Relations - Christianity - Early works to 1800 --- Muslims - France - La Garde-Freinet - History - To 1500 --- Majolus, - Saint, Abbot of Cluny, - approximately 906-994 --- Peter, - the Venerable, - approximately 1092-1156

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The field of premodern environmental history (the study of the complex and ever-changing interrelationship between human beings and the world around them prior to the Industrial Revolution) has grown vigorously over the past two decades, in no small part due to the energy and expertise of Richard C. Hoffmann (York University, Canada). In this collection, historians of medieval and early modern Europe and social scientists with a sensitivity to the use of historical information present their current research in honor of Richard C. Hoffmann's retirement from teaching. The result is a panoramic and dynamic view of the state of the field of premodern environmental history by leading practitioners. The papers are organized under the broad themes of 'Premodern People and the Natural World' and 'Aquatic Ecosystems and Human Economies'. Contributors are Richard W. Unger, Paolo Squatriti, William Chester Jordan, Petra J.E.M. van Dam, Verena Winiwarter, Maryanne Kowaleski, Constance H. Berman, Pierre Claude Reynard, Wim Van Neer, and Anton Ervynck.

Human ecology --- Nature --- Biotic communities --- Fishes --- Lake ecology --- Civilization, Medieval. --- Civilization, Medieval --- Medieval civilization --- Middle Ages --- Civilization --- Chivalry --- Renaissance --- Lakes --- Freshwater ecology --- Reservoir ecology --- Biocenoses --- Biocoenoses --- Biogeoecology --- Biological communities --- Biomes --- Biotic community ecology --- Communities, Biotic --- Community ecology, Biotic --- Ecological communities --- Ecosystems --- Natural communities --- Ecology --- Population biology --- Environment, Human --- Human beings --- Human environment --- Ecological engineering --- Human geography --- Fish --- Pisces --- Aquatic animals --- Vertebrates --- Fisheries --- Fishing --- Ichthyology --- History. --- Effect of human beings on --- History --- Social aspects --- Effect of environment on --- Hoffmann, Richard C. --- Lacustrine ecology --- Lentic ecology --- Human ecology - Europe - History --- Nature - Effect of human beings on - Europe - History --- Biotic communities - Europe - History --- Fishes - Ecology - Europe - History --- Lake ecology - Europe - History --- Hoffmann, Richard C