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This Selected Issues paper discusses the options for financing the government fiscal deficit in Saudi Arabia. The Saudi government is working to develop a comprehensive strategy to meet its budget financing needs. Although external borrowing could alleviate pressure on the domestic market, it will also create new risks. Reliance on foreign investors may help further enhance transparency. Foreign investors’ demand for diversification could also allow the Saudi government to enjoy attractive yields. Broadening the investor base and ensuring that the government’s debt issuance supports the development of the private debt market could help alleviate some of the negative economic and financial effects of higher government debt.

Industrial productivity --- Economic development --- Labor market --- Productivity, Industrial --- TFP (Total factor productivity) --- Total factor productivity --- Industrial efficiency --- Production (Economic theory) --- Employees --- Market, Labor --- Supply and demand for labor --- Markets --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Supply and demand --- Banks and Banking --- Financial Risk Management --- Investments: Bonds --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Investments: General --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises and Nonprofit Institutions --- Privatization --- Contracting Out --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Infrastructures --- Other Public Investment and Capital Stock --- Energy: Demand and Supply --- Prices --- Public finance & taxation --- Investment & securities --- Labour --- income economics --- Government debt management --- Sovereign bonds --- Oil prices --- Public investment and public-private partnerships (PPP) --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Economic sectors --- Financial institutions --- Debt management --- Asset and liability management --- Debts, Public --- Bonds --- Public-private sector cooperation --- Saudi Arabia --- Income economics