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Water Footprint Assessment is a young research field that considers how freshwater use, scarcity, and pollution relate to consumption, production, and trade patterns. This book presents a wide range of studies within this new field. It is argued that collective and coordinated action-at different scale levels and along all stages of commodity supply chains-is necessary to bring about more sustainable, efficient, and equitable water use. The presented studies range from farm to catchment and country level, and show how different actors along the supply chain of final commodities can contribute to more sustainable water use in the chain.

effective rain --- cabbage --- urban area --- water footprint benchmarks --- value addition --- threshold --- Haihe River Basin --- land footprint --- irrigation intensity --- environmental sustainability --- water resources --- virtual water trade --- land use change --- blue water footprint --- embedded resource accounting --- multi-level governance --- soil type --- cattle --- crop water demand --- lettuce --- modelling --- sustainability --- water scarcity footprint --- water scarcity --- green water availability --- root water uptake --- water footprint --- water productivity --- South Africa --- economic land productivity --- crop trade --- Amazon --- Cerrado --- wheat-bread --- international trade --- life cycle analysis --- broccoli --- value chain --- oil palm (Eleasis guineensis) --- crop choice --- water accounting --- retail --- Malawi --- river basin management --- Steenkoppies Aquifer --- carrots --- consumers --- wheat --- silk --- soybean --- water footprint assessment --- CSR --- sericulture --- food self-sufficiency --- water management --- water footprint accounting --- packhouse --- economic water productivities --- groundwater --- consumption --- Central Europe --- maize --- beetroot --- economic water productivity --- Mato Grosso --- regulation --- food security --- water saving --- crop ages

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This Special Issue opens a new field of research in certain emerging innovative instruments, because it provides an in-depth revision of the main aspects of institutions and instruments available for the management and governance of droughts and water scarcity. The key aspects that institutions may tackle not only include the increasing water scarcity in many regions around the world but also the increasing frequency and impact of droughts on economic and natural systems. Some of the included papers analyze critical issues, such as the state and future trends of water markets; the estimation of transaction costs when dealing with drought management; and the use of new instruments, such as insurance and water-rights entitlements, which include water security, water-pricing effects on the whole basin level, and intra- and inter-sectorial re-allocation. The important issues regarding non-conventional water supply and the governance of the new resources also feature as the focus of some of the contributions.

Baiyangdian Lake --- Landsat --- complex water extraction --- SMDPSO --- dynamic changes --- drought risk --- water supply risk --- irrigation insurance --- water use --- Spain --- drought --- water markets --- Western US --- hydro-economic modelling --- water policy --- climate change --- river basin management --- water scarcity --- water supply --- risk reduction --- risk curves --- cost-benefit analysis --- water management --- water rights --- water supply reliability --- irrigation agriculture --- allocation rules --- priority rights --- Po River Basin --- institutional economics --- climate change adaptation --- cost of adaptation --- water pricing --- water-use efficiency --- economic model --- inter-sectoral --- river basin --- good water practices --- tourist accommodation --- tourist --- Mediterranean --- water reuse --- reclaimed water --- SWOT analysis --- cluster analysis --- n/a

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This book investigates the impact of the United Nations General Assembly’s 2010 resolution that elevated rights to water and sanitation are stand-alone international human rights. A major goal of creating this new human right was to incentivize governments to prioritize and pursue policies to improve access to affordable, potable water to the more than 750 million people worldwide who lacked access, as well as to provide the more than 2.5 billion people with inadequate sanitation. The book’s chapters use a variety of methodological approaches including qualitative case studies and quantitative studies that draw on data from around the world. The chapters reveal how the global human right to water and sanitation was created, how it has been used in rights struggles around the world, and the extent to which it has improved access to water and sanitation for the world’s most marginalized people.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- Cape Town Day Zero --- water rights --- water scarcity --- water-justice --- water-governance --- inequality --- South Africa --- right to water --- courts --- vulnerable groups --- UN resolutions --- water --- sanitation --- human rights --- human right to water and sanitation --- HRtWS --- natural language processing --- machine learning --- text analysis --- constitutional reform --- legal opportunity structure --- water legal framework --- socioeconomic rights --- Brazil --- Peru --- Colombia --- social movements --- political cost --- advocacy --- activism --- social movement --- socio-economic rights --- United States --- political opportunity --- coalition-building --- collective action --- human rights from below --- human rights to water and sanitation --- water access --- constitutionalisation --- norm diffusion --- opportunity structures --- impact and efficacy of human rights --- human right to water --- drinking water --- irrigation --- marginalised groups --- indigenous communities --- social and economic rights --- human rights critiques --- right to life --- right to environment --- global rights --- evolution of rights --- construction of rights --- Latin America --- South Asia --- Europe --- Africa --- USA

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First issued in 2009, Water is celebrating our 10th anniversary this year. Thanks to all the dedicated researchers, reviewers, and editors, Water has become a popular outlet for cutting-edge research in the broad field of water science, technology, management, and governance. The open access format has proven to be attractive, and authors highly value the quick handling of papers, higher visibility and citations, as well as free and unlimited access to the new papers. After 10 years, Water has become an established journal in the field. This Special Issue is set up to mark the 10th anniversary of Water. It is devoted to the publication of comprehensive reviews encompassing the most significant developments in the realm of water sciences in the last decade.

scientific analysis --- decision-support --- classical views on knowledge and authority --- designing participatory processes involving stakeholders --- artificiality --- reconciliation ecology --- drainage --- irrigation --- ditches --- ponds --- socio-hydrogeology --- groundwater management --- communication --- engagement --- socio-economic aspects --- river relocation --- river channel --- engineering --- geomorphology --- rehabilitation --- permeable pavements --- life cycle assessment --- stormwater management --- sustainability --- freshwater changes --- climate change --- evapotranspiration --- runoff --- catchments --- Greece --- flood --- cost --- adaptation --- flood management --- cost–benefit --- water use --- irrigation efficiency --- remote sensing --- emerging technologies --- real-time control --- surface irrigation --- Murray–Darling Basin --- Colorado --- water scarcity --- IWRM --- equity --- freshwater needs --- population density --- epidemics --- sanitation --- global water requirements --- hydroinformatics --- smart cities --- smart utilities --- resilience --- distributed systems --- data --- analytics --- decision support --- sociotechnical system --- ethics --- digital water --- Governance --- flood adaptation costs --- hydro-informatics --- water management

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This book focuses on the tools and methods used for tackling the complexity of the different hydrological and hydrogeological set-ups, the hydrodynamic patterns, the site specifications, and the wide variability of internal and external factors and/or processes on the catchment-scale level that impose the need for combined integrated approaches of robust methods. This Special Issue aims to provide successful applications or new insights on the stand-alone or joint considerations of groundwater resources assessment and characterization methods and explore new state-of-the-art methodological concepts in light of a rapidly changing environment.

drought --- precipitation --- SPI --- groundwater salinization --- karst --- seawater intrusion --- Soil and Water Assessment Tool --- SEAWAT model --- irrigation management --- groundwater --- climate change --- sea level rise --- nitrate --- leachate --- modelling --- validation --- state scale --- integrated water resources management --- coastal agricultural basin --- groundwater nitrate pollution --- hydrochemistry --- hydrodynamics --- environmental isotopes --- Tirnavos basin --- groundwater recharge --- groundwater sustainability --- hydrology models --- Modder River --- sustainability index --- GALDIT --- monthly vulnerability --- seawater intrusion (SWI) --- vulnerability assessment --- effective weight --- densely populated area --- freshwater–saltwater interactions --- multilayer coastal aquifer --- hydro-geochemistry --- Tevere River delta --- Ostia Antica archaeological park --- drinking and irrigation water scarcity --- groundwater potential mapping --- machine learning --- remote sensing --- GIS --- karstic mountainous aquifers --- Morocco --- hydrogeological properties --- natural groundwater fluctuations --- semi-arid zones --- depleting groundwater resources --- Guadalupe Valley Aquifer --- chromium --- ultramafic rocks --- springs --- water–rock interaction --- natural background levels --- aquifer --- intrinsic vulnerability --- RIVA method --- index-overlay method --- n/a --- freshwater-saltwater interactions --- water-rock interaction