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Nuclear energy is one of the most important clear energy and contributes more than 10% electric power to human society in the past decades of years. The nuclear thermal hydraulic and two-phase flow is one of the basic branches of nuclear technology and provides structure design and safety analysis to the nuclear power reactors. In the new century, the basic theoretical research of thermal hydraulic and two-phase flow, and innovative design for the next generation nuclear power plants (especially for the small modular reactor and molten salt reactor), along with other nuclear branches, constantly support the development of nuclear technology.

Two-Phase Flow --- Computer Fluid Dynamics --- Severe Accident --- Thermal Hydraulic --- Code development --- Experiments --- Core

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The physics of porous media is, when taking a broad view, the physics of multinary mixtures of immiscible solid and fluid constituents. Its relevance to society echoes in numerous engineering disciplines such as chemical engineering, soil mechanics, petroleum engineering, groundwater engineering, geothermics, fuel cell technology… It is also at the core of many scientific disciplines ranging from hydrogeology to pulmonology. Perhaps one may affix a starting point for the study of porous media as the year 1794 when Reinhard Woltman introduced the concept of volume fractions when trying to understand mud. In 1856, Henry Darcy published his findings on the flow of water through sand packed columns and the first constitutive relation was born. Wyckoff and Botset proposed in 1936 a generalization of the Darcy approach to deal with several immiscible fluids flowing simultaneously in a rigid matrix. This effective medium theory assigns to each fluid a relative permeability, i.e. a constitutive law for each fluid species. It remains to this day the standard framework for handling the motion of two or more immiscible fluids in a rigid porous matrix even though there have been many attempts at moving beyond it. When the solid constituent is not rigid, forces in the fluids and the solid phase influence each other. von Terzaghi realized the importance of capillary forces in such systems in the thirties. An effective medium theory of poroelasticity was subsequently developend by Biot in the mid fifties. Biot theory remains to date state of the art for handling matrix-fluid interactions when the deformations of the solid phase remain small. For large deformations, e.g. when the solid phase is unconsolidated, no effective medium theory exists.

flow in porous media --- two-phase flow in porous media --- non-Newtonian fluids --- reactive fluids --- electrohydrodynamics (EHD) --- capillary fiber bundle model --- soil mechanics --- thermodynamics of small systems

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Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) has developed from primarily a method of academic study into a recognized technology that has advanced measurement capabilities within many different industrial sectors. These sectors include areas such as national security, energy, forensics, life sciences, pharmaceuticals, etc. Despite this diversity, these applications have many shared technical challenges and regulatory burdens, yet interdisciplinary cross-talk is often limited. To facilitate the sharing of knowledge, this Special Issue presents technical articles from four different areas, including the oil industry, nanostructured systems and materials, metabolomics, and biologics. These areas use NMR or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technologies that range from low-field relaxometry to magnetic fields as high as 700 MHz. Each article represents a practical application of NMR. A few articles are focused on basic research concepts, which will likely have the cross-cutting effect of advancing multiple disciplinary areas.

higher-order structure --- tertiary structure --- fluorescence --- circular dichroism --- NMR --- HOS by NMR --- product characterization --- biopharmaceuticals --- Blastocystis --- 1H NMR --- metabolite extraction, metabolomics --- low-field magnetic resonance --- imaging --- multiphase --- flow measurement --- pipe flow --- two-phase flow --- flow regime characterization --- intermittent flow --- slug flow --- process and reaction monitoring --- MOF --- separation --- binary mixture --- low-field NMR relaxometry --- nuclear magnetic resonance --- mass spectrometry --- urine metabolome --- normal ranges --- personalized metabolic profile --- similarity metrics --- Mahalanobis distance --- chemical shift difference --- peak profile --- relative peak height --- glycosylated proteins --- heteronuclear NMR --- HSQC-TOCSY --- natural abundance --- T2 filter --- glycoprotein --- metabolomics --- paramagnetic --- relaxation --- gadolinium --- layered perovskite-like niobate --- Dion-Jacobson phase --- proton NMR --- oil-based mud --- invasion correction --- permeability --- n/a

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Climate and anthropogenic changes impact the conditions of erosion and sediment transport in rivers. Rainfall variability and, in many places, the increase of rainfall intensity have a direct impact on rainfall erosivity. Increasing changes in demography have led to the acceleration of land cover changes in natural areas, as well as in cultivated areas, and, sometimes, in degraded areas and desertified landscapes. These anthropogenized landscapes are more sensitive to erosion. On the other hand, the increase in the number of dams in watersheds traps a great portion of sediment fluxes, which do not reach the sea in the same amount, nor at the same quality, with consequences on coastal geomorphodynamics. This book is dedicated to studies on sediment fluxes from continental areas to coastal areas, as well as observation, modeling, and impact analysis at different scales from watershed slopes to the outputs of large river basins. This book is concentrated on a number of keywords: “erosion” and “sediment transport”, “model” and “practice”, and “change”. The keywords are briefly discussed with respect to the relevant literature. The contributions in this book address observations and models based on laboratory and field data, allowing researchers to make use of such resources in practice under changing conditions.

proglacial channels --- watershed --- practice --- modeling --- reservoirs --- degradation --- rill development --- Mediterranean Maghreb Basin --- urban drainage system --- fluvial erosion --- Wadi Mina --- Algeria --- sewer systems --- climate change --- phosphorus --- complex morphodynamics --- incipient deposition --- riverbed --- limiting tractive force --- ruptures --- runoff --- flooding --- soil loss --- suspended sediment --- sedimentation --- sediment --- transfer --- erosion --- specific degradation --- soil erosion --- Xihe River Basin --- water fluxes --- sediment fluxes --- environmental change --- field measurements --- dynamical downscaling --- mixed-size bed material --- two-phase flow --- agriculture --- sloping flume experiments --- mitigation measures --- bed load transport --- shear stress --- flow discharge --- GSD --- shear Reynolds number --- Anthropocene --- human activities --- deposition --- sediment delivery --- soil slurry --- SMBA Dam --- bedload transport --- aggradation --- Czech Republic --- sediment transport --- self-cleansing --- erosion topography --- CCHE1D --- sediment retention --- SWAT model --- migration --- water quality modelling --- hillside reservoirs --- erosion modelling

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Modeling micrometric and nanometric suspensions remains a major issue. They help to model the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties, among others, of the suspensions, and then of the resulting product, in a controlled way, when considered in material formation. In some cases, they can help to improve the energy transport performance. The optimal use of these products is based on an accurate prediction of the flow-induced properties of the suspensions and, consequently, of the resulting products and parts. The final properties of the resulting micro-structured fluid or solid are radically different from the simple mixing rule. In this book, we found numerous works addressing the description of these specific fluid behaviors.

graphene nano-powder --- thermal nanofluid --- rheological behavior --- Carreau nanofluid --- lubrication effect --- Vallejo law --- liquid–liquid interface --- shear rate --- nanoparticles --- diffuse interface --- phase field method --- molecular dynamics --- numerical simulation --- octree optimization --- microstructure generation --- domain reconstruction --- flow simulation --- permeability computing --- data-driven model --- model order reduction --- proper orthogonal decomposition --- manifold learning --- diffuse approximation --- microcapsule suspension --- Hausdorff distance --- topological data analysis (TDA) --- reinforced polymers --- concentrated suspensions --- flow induced orientation --- discrete numerical simulation --- steam generator --- void fraction --- mixture model --- porous media approach --- reduced-order model --- Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) --- energy dissipation --- interval-pooled stepped spillway --- omega identification method --- Navier-Stokes equation --- singularity --- transitional flow --- turbulence --- Poisson equation --- nanoparticle two-phase flow --- particle coagulation and breakage --- flow around circular cylinders --- particle distribution --- n/a --- liquid-liquid interface