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Post-Transition Metals compiles information on synthesis, properties, characterization, and potential applications of post-transition metals such as indium and gallium. These metals are important for their optical, structural, morphological, and electronic properties. This book provides an overview of the history as well as the physical, structural, optical, and chemical properties of post-transition elements. It also discusses methods for the detection and separation of these metals, including special methods for determining their presence in industrial and organometallic products. The information contained herein is useful for physicists, researchers, chemists, materials engineers, and students.

Transition metals.

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The present book is aimed at illustrating the width of applications of metal nanoparticles in catalysis. It covers aspects such as metal nanoparticles preparation using natural biomolecules to the catalytic, photocatalytic and electrocatalytic activity of supported metal nanoparticles. In catalysis, metal nanoparticles exhibit general activity in oxidation and reduction reactions and the book contains examples of both types of processes in which the nanoparticles are on carbon supports or embedded inside the voids of microporous crystalline metal organic frameworks. Metal nanoparticles are also widely used in photocatalysis to enhance light absorption through plasmon band and the efficiency of the photochemical process. Besides classical applications, the use of metal nanoparticles is expanding rapidly in the field of renewable energies, going from catalysts for solid fuels electrodes to novel Li-O2 batteries.

noble metals as catalysts --- TiO2 as photocatalyst --- heterogeneous catalysis --- clusters as catalysts --- metal nanoparticles --- transition metals as catalysts

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Gold Nanoparticles - Reaching New Heights contains recent research on the preparation, characterization, fabrication, and potential of optical and biological applications of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). It is promising novel research that has received a lot of interest over the last few decades. It covers advanced topics on optical, physical, medicinal, and biological applications of AuNPs. Development of green nanotechnology is generating the interest of researchers towards the synthesis of eco-friendly, safe, non-toxic applications, which can be used for manufacture at a large scale. These are simple, cost-effective, stable, enduring, and reproducible aqueous room temperature synthesis applications to obtain the self-assembly of AuNPs. This potentially unique work offers various approaches to R&D with AuNP materials in aqueous or non-aqueous phases through fully modified or unmodified states as hybrids. Nanotechnology and nanoscience can regulate substances at the nanoscale, and nanodimension substances of a few nanometers allow us to control the novel practical applications of AuNPs. This book presents an overview of current AuNP fundamental and substantial applications and research worldwide, which investigates the techniques of AuNP preparation, various types of characterization, and possible applications related to AuNP research. It is an important book for research organizations, government research centers, academic libraries, and R&D groups interested in recent research and development of AuNPs.

Nanoparticles. --- Gold. --- Specie --- Native element minerals --- Precious metals --- Transition metals --- Money --- Nano-particles --- NPs (Nanoparticles) --- Nanoscale particles --- Nanostructured materials --- Particles --- Physical Sciences --- Engineering and Technology --- Material Science --- Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials

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The paper uses an event study methodology to investigate which and how macroeconomic announcements affect commodity prices. Results show that gold is unique among commodities, with prices reacting to specific scheduled announcements in the United States and the Euro area (such as indicators of activity or interest rate decisions) in a manner consistent with gold's traditional role as a safe-haven and store of value. Other commodity prices, where such news is significant, exhibit pro-cyclical sensitivities and these have risen somewhat as commodities have become increasingly financialized. These results are important for those trading in the commodity markets on a frequent basis and long-term market participants that take their decisions based on information on price fundamentals, which are reflected in the release of macroeconomic announcements.

Finance --- Business & Economics --- Money --- Gold. --- Macroeconomics. --- Foreign exchange rates. --- Exchange rates --- Fixed exchange rates --- Flexible exchange rates --- Floating exchange rates --- Fluctuating exchange rates --- Foreign exchange --- Rates of exchange --- Specie --- Rates --- Economics --- Native element minerals --- Precious metals --- Transition metals --- Investments: Commodities --- Investments: Metals --- Inflation --- Macroeconomics --- Commodity Markets --- Metals and Metal Products --- Cement --- Glass --- Ceramics --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Investment & securities --- Commodity prices --- Gold --- Gold prices --- Commodities --- Prices --- Commercial products --- United States

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A strand of research documents Chile’s copper dependence hence significant exposure to terms of trade shocks. Copper prices’ sharp decline and forecast uncertainty since the end of the commodity super-cycle has rekindled the debate on Chile’s adjustment capacity to external shocks. Following Malz (2014), this paper builds a time-varying measure of copper price uncertainty using options contracts. VAR analysis shows that the investment response to an uncertainty shock of average magnitude in the sample is strong and persistent: the cumulative fall in investment from trend at a one-year horizon ranges 2–5.8 percentage points; and it takes between 1½ and 2 years for investment to return to its trend level. Empirical ranges depend on alternative definitions for investment, uncertainty, and options’ maturing time.

Copper --- Prices --- Native element minerals --- Transition metals --- Investments: Metals --- Foreign Exchange --- Investments: Options --- Macroeconomics --- Intertemporal Firm Choice and Growth, Investment, or Financing --- Investment --- Capital --- Intangible Capital --- Capacity --- 'Panel Data Models --- Spatio-temporal Models' --- Metals and Metal Products --- Cement --- Glass --- Ceramics --- Price Level --- Inflation --- Deflation --- Pension Funds --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Institutional Investors --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Finance --- Investment & securities --- Metal prices --- Asset prices --- Exchange rates --- Options --- Financial institutions --- Commodities --- Metals --- Derivative securities --- Chile --- Panel Data Models --- Spatio-temporal Models