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The rapid growth of modern industry has resulted in a growing demand for construction materials with excellent operational properties. However, the improved features of these materials can significantly hinder their manufacture and, therefore, they can be defined as hard-to-cut. The main difficulties during the manufacturing/processing of hard-to-cut materials are attributed especially to their high hardness and abrasion resistance, high strength at room or elevated temperatures, increased thermal conductivity, as well as resistance to oxidation and corrosion. Nowadays, the group of hard-to-cut materials is extensive and still expanding, which is attributed to the development of a novel manufacturing techniques (e.g., additive technologies). Currently, the group of hard-to-cut materials mainly includes hardened and stainless steels, titanium, cobalt and nickel alloys, composites, ceramics, as well as the hard clads fabricated by additive techniques. This Special Issue, "Advances in Hard-to-Cut Materials: Manufacturing, Properties, Process Mechanics and Evaluation of Surface Integrity", provides the collection of research papers regarding the various problems correlated with hard-to-cut materials. The analysis of these studies reveals the primary directions regarding the developments in manufacturing methods, characterization, and optimization of hard-to-cut materials.

Thermal conductivity.

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This book is intended to provide a deep understanding on the advanced treatments of thermal properties of materials through experimental, theoretical, and computational techniques. This area of interest is being taught in most universities and institutions at the graduate and postgraduate levels. Moreover, the increasing modern technical and social interest in energy has made the study of thermal properties more significant and exciting in the recent years. This book shares with the international community a sense of global motivation and collaboration on the subject of thermal conductivity and its wide spread applications in modern technologies. This book presents new results from leading laboratories and researchers on topics including materials, thermal insulation, modeling, steady and transient measurements, and thermal expansion. The materials of interest range from nanometers to meters, bringing together ideas and results from across the research field.

Thermal conductivity. --- Coefficient of conductivity --- Conductivity, Heat --- Conductivity, Thermal --- Heat conductivity --- Heat --- Transport theory --- Conduction --- Measurement --- Physical Sciences --- Engineering and Technology --- Thermal Engineering --- Technology --- Chemical Engineering

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In recent years, there has been significant progress in biomass research as bio-based products are beneficial to the environment, energy-saving, and cost-saving if they are processed properly. The book collects the most state-of-the-art works related to the natural fiber composites in a Special Issue entitled “Natural Fiber Biocomposites”. These works address all the issues related the manufacturing of natural fiber composite products, from (1) raw materials, such as wood, flax fiber, and cellulose nanofiber; to the (2) raw material treatments, such as furfuryl alcohol pretreatment, ultrasonic vibration treatment (UVT), and extraction method for the resins; to the (3) process of the composites fabrication, such as thermo-hygro-mechanical densification; and to the (4) performance of the composites, including mechanical, moisture absorption, opacity, thermal, and biodegradability. Discussions on the adhesives/resins used in the natural fiber composites fabrication, such as dried distiller’s grains and solubles (DDGS), pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) press cakes (PPC), and lesquerella [Lesquerella fendleri (A. Gary) S. Watson] press cake (LPC), starch, and polylactic acid (PLA), are also part of the book. It is believed the technical information presented in this book will contribute to the development of the bio-based composites.

flexural properties --- panels --- by-products --- non-dietetic uses --- modulus of rupture --- modulus of elasticity --- nanofiber cellulose --- water hyacinth --- thermoplastic starch --- bionanocomposites --- ultrasonic vibration time --- density --- gas permeability --- thermal conductivity --- densification --- durability --- green composites --- cellulosic fibers --- water uptake --- biocomposite --- starch --- cellulose --- ultrasonication --- moisture absorption --- opacity --- mat porosity --- mat thermal conductivity --- fiber size --- hot-pressing process --- PLA --- flax --- thermoplastic composites --- mechanical properties --- biodegradability

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Geothermal energy is a renewable, sustainable, and ecologically friendly resource of energy that can be captured with shallow or deep installations, or a combination of both—alone or integrated with other technologies. It can then be employed for a variety of purposes, for example, electricity generation, space heating and cooling, agriculture, and aquaculture. Given the nature/features of this green energy resource—such as being a local, climate-independent, potentially constant, robust, generally available, resilient, almost greenhouse gas-free, and long-lived energy source—geothermal solutions can and should make a more prominent contribution to the future global energy supply mix, in addition to helping lessen humanity’s environmental footprint and enabling it to attain its sustainable development goals. This Special Issue, “New Trends in Enhanced, Hybrid and Integrated Geothermal Systems”, addresses existing knowledge gaps and aids advance deployment of geothermal energy globally. It consists of eight peer-reviewed papers that cover a range of subjects and applications related to geothermal energy.

tri-generation --- off-design analysis --- ammonia-water solution --- geothermal --- flexible demand production --- optimization --- standing column well (SCW) --- thermal response test --- effective thermal conductivity --- bleeding rate --- thermal conductivity --- balancing well --- coefficient of performance (COP) --- ground heat exchanger --- 3D simulation --- finned U-tube --- external fin --- internal fin --- dynamic simulation --- conventional geothermal --- direct heat use --- Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin --- bottomhole temperatures --- Alberta --- well-doublet system --- sustainability --- disequilibrium --- thermomechanical effects --- chemical coupling --- climate change --- heat transfer --- granite fracture --- flow direction --- enhanced geothermal system --- renewable energy --- geothermal energy --- mature oilfield --- abandoned hydrocarbon well --- wellbore heat exchanger --- Pannonian basin --- geothermal cascade use --- energy efficiency --- wellness and spa facilities --- balneology --- bioclimatic architecture --- passive design strategies --- modular building --- n/a

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Currently, water and energy are among the world biggest challenges. All countries working on increasing industries and searching for progress need energy. Beside the limitation on the energy in the world, the aspect that has limited the use of energy is global warming. Fossil fuels are mostly used in the industries produce greenhouse gasses that cause trapping of the heat in the atmosphere and thus lead to temperatures rising and climate change. The importance of green energy is that it does not have the negative effect of fossil fuels and does not release carbon dioxide as the main greenhouse gas through combustion. This book contains some new studies about the production of renewable energies and applications of green technologies in various processes. The book is useful for researchers in the field of green technologies and also post-graduate students who are interested in expanding their knowledge of novel technologies and green fuels. It contains six chapters. In Chapter 1, a microbial fuel cell was studied and optimized. In Chapter 2, an autonomous model that can be used in cars and agriculture was reviewed. Chapter 3 studies the dehumidification capacity of water walls. Chapter 4 discusses the performance of conventional and unconventional single U-Tube pipe configurations. Chapter 5 studies the power generation table of 40 different locations in Oman. Finally, in Chapter 6 the role of renewable energy in south Asian countries is discussed.

acceptance --- AgTech startups --- autonomous --- robot --- TAM --- water wall --- falling water film --- relative humidity --- temperature --- condensation rate --- dehumidification --- vertical ground heat exchanger --- external fin --- thermal response test --- effective ground thermal conductivity --- carbon nanotube --- coulombic efficiency --- microbial fuel cell --- nanocomposite --- Pt --- lookup tables --- photovoltaic --- PVGIS --- solar --- Oman --- health expenditures --- CO2 emissions --- renewable energy --- South Asian countries --- FMOLS