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Plants are made up of a large number of distinct cell types that originate from a single fertilized egg cell. How the diversity of cell types arise in appropriate places is one of the most fascinating and attractive research areas of plant biology. During the past several decades, due to the development of new molecular techniques and tools, advances in optical microscopy, and availability of whole genome information and mutants in the model plant Arabidopsis and other plants, great advances have been made in understanding the mechanisms involved in cell fate determination in plants. Multiple mechanisms are used to generate cellular diversity. Asymmetric cell division is one of the primary mechanisms. As an example, asymmetric cell division enables one stem cell to generate a stem cell daughter and a daughter with a distinct identity. Initially equivalent cells can also differentiate to generate different cell types. This mechanism has been clearly demonstrated in the formation of multiple cell types during epidermis development in the shoot and root. Cell fate determination is influenced by both intrinsic factors, i.e, developmental regulators, as well as extrinsic signals, i.e., environmental stimuli. By using model systems like stomata, trichome, root hair and shoot and root apical meristem cells, ligands, receptors and transcription factors have been found to regulate cell fate determination. However, the details of signaling cassettes responsible for cell fate determination remain largely unknown. Plants are made up of a large number of distinct cell types that originate from a single fertilized egg cell. How the diversity of cell types arise in appropriate places is one of the most fascinating and attractive research areas of plant biology. During the past several decades, due to the development of new molecular techniques and tools, advances in optical microscopy, and availability of whole genome information and mutants in the model plant Arabidopsis and other plants, great advances have been made in understanding the mechanisms involved in cell fate determination in plants. This research topic contains 12 collected articles, including 2 Opinion Articles, 5 Reviews, 4 Mini Reviews, and 1 Original Research Article. Hopefully, these articles will expand our understanding of the regulation of cell fate determination in plants.

Cotton Fiber --- transcription factor --- stomata --- Xylem --- protein lipid modification --- root hair --- Arabidopsis --- cell fate determination --- Populus --- Trichome

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Soil degradation is one of the most topical environmental threats. A number of processes causing soil degradation, specifically erosion, compaction, salinization, pollution, and loss of both organic matter and soil biodiversity, are also strictly connected to agricultural activity and its intensification. The development and adoption of sustainable agronomic practices able to preserve and enhance the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soils and improve agroecosystem functions is a challenge for both scientists and farmers. The Special Issue entitled “Sustainable Agriculture and Soil Conservation” collects 12 original contributions addressing the state of the art of sustainable agriculture and soil conservation. The papers cover a wide range of topics, including organic agriculture, soil amendment and soil organic carbon (SOC) management, the impact of SOC on soil water repellency, the effects of soil tillage on the quantity of SOC associated with several fractions of soil particles and depth, and SOC prediction, using visible and near-infrared spectra and multivariate modeling. Moreover, the effects of some soil contaminants (e.g., crude oil, tungsten, copper, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) are discussed or reviewed in light of the recent literature. The collection of the manuscripts presented in this Special Issue provides a relevant knowledge contribution for improving our understanding on sustainable agriculture and soil conservation, thus stimulating new views on this main topic.

Tungsten --- corn uptake --- soil characteristics --- Freundlich model --- Biolog® --- community-level physiological profiling (CLPP) --- functional diversity indices --- metabolic bacterial diversity --- olive --- soil fertility --- soil quality --- maize --- stomata --- soil --- phenanthrene --- remediation --- qualitative multi-attribute model --- total energy output --- agro-ecological service crops --- ex-post sustainability --- organic systems --- amendment --- biochar --- brewers’ spent grain --- hop --- image analysis --- plant growth --- Beerkan method --- infiltration --- forest restoration --- soil water repellency --- tillage --- fertilization --- soil depth --- organic carbon --- clay minerals --- diffuse reflectance --- infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy --- bioremediation --- composting --- PAHs --- organic co-substrates --- mulching --- flattening --- irrigation --- photosynthesis --- transpiration --- water stress integral --- fruit growth --- water use efficiency --- productivity --- soil organic matter --- near-infrared spectroscopy --- spatial heterogeneity --- multivariate adaptive regression splines --- partial least squares regression --- anaerobic digestion residues --- soil amendment --- soil fertilization --- soil organic C --- soil porosity --- soil microbial community --- copper --- rhizosphere --- smart agriculture --- microbes --- vineyard --- organic agriculture --- soil organic carbon --- soil management --- soil contamination --- soil remediation --- sustainable fruit growing --- water conservation practices --- multivariate statistical models for SOC prediction