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The use of wheel-individual drives on the steered axle simultaneously enables propulsion and implementation of steering assistance. This work presents a closed-loop and open-loop method for controlling wheel-selective drives with the aim of reducing the steering wheel torque. The proposed optimal linear-quadratic-integral controller achieves a high control quality while ensuring driving safety and reducing energy consumption.

Mechanical engineering & materials --- wheel individual --- steering assistance --- steering torque --- closed-loop control --- Open-loop control --- radselektiv --- Lenkkraftunterstützung --- Lenkradmoment --- Regelung --- Steuerung

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The emergence of electric drives opens up new opportunities in vehicle design. For example, powerful in-wheel motors pro -vide unprecedented flexibility in chassis design and are suitable for distributed drive solutions, although implying non-trivial vehicle dynamics control problems. This work aims at a new differential steering concept relying only on passive steering linkages where the necessary steering moment about the kingpins is generated by traction force differences produced by in-wheel motors. For the analysis of the proposed steering concept, a tailored multi-body system model is introduced along with the associated steering control system. In addition, this work explores the general applicability of such a new steering concept by using multi-objective optimisation. For this purpose, various design objectives and constraints are defined with respect to the dynamic, steady-state and low-speed steering performance of the vehicle. The resulting behaviour of the proposed steering concept is investigated by various simulation experiments demonstrating a comparable steering performance to that of conventional passenger cars.

Electric vehicles. --- Steering-gear. --- Rudder --- Marine engineering --- EVs (Electric vehicles) --- Vehicles, Electric --- Motor vehicles

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This text offers descriptions and analyses of some of the different ways in which schools and other educational institutions have started to establish new collaborative relationships in today's competitive educational marketplace. Using case studies, the book describes examples of such collaborative structures.; Educational consortia have been established as a vehicle for professional and curriculum development, as a source of mutual support and as a condition of mutual survival. As the ""LEA monopolies"" have been forced to shed many of their traditional functions or schools have opted out, s

Finance. --- Universities and colleges. --- University cooperation. --- University cooperation --- Universities and colleges --- Education --- Social Sciences --- Theory & Practice of Education --- Finance --- College cooperation --- Inter-college cooperation --- Institutional cooperation --- Cooperation --- Administration --- consortium --- working --- collaborative --- action --- research --- network --- steering --- group --- local --- authority

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This book details the advanced actuators for IEVs and the control algorithm design. In the actuator design, the configuration four-wheel independent drive/steering electric vehicles is reviewed. An in-wheel two-speed AMT with selectable one-way clutch is designed for IEV. Considering uncertainties, the optimization design for the planetary gear train of IEV is conducted. An electric power steering system is designed for IEV. In addition, advanced control algorithms are proposed in favour of active safety improvement. A supervision mechanism is applied to the segment drift control of autonomous driving. Double super-resolution network is used to design the intelligent driving algorithm. Torque distribution control technology and four-wheel steering technology are utilized for path tracking and adaptive cruise control. To advance the control accuracy, advanced estimation algorithms are studied in this book. The tyre-road peak friction coefficient under full slip rate range is identified based on the normalized tyre model. The pressure of the electro-hydraulic brake system is estimated based on signal fusion. Besides, a multi-semantic driver behaviour recognition model of autonomous vehicles is designed using confidence fusion mechanism. Moreover, a mono-vision based lateral localization system of low-cost autonomous vehicles is proposed with deep learning curb detection. To sum up, the discussed advanced actuators, control and estimation algorithms are beneficial to the active safety improvement of IEVs.

curb detection --- intelligent vehicles --- autonomous driving --- electro-hydraulic brake system --- master cylinder pressure estimation --- vehicle longitudinal dynamics --- brake linings’ coefficient of friction --- ACC --- safety evaluation --- human-like evaluation --- naturalistic driving study --- driving behavior characteristic --- electric vehicles --- independent drive --- direct yaw control --- torque distribution --- ultra-wideband --- relative localization --- enhanced precision --- clock self-correction --- homotopy --- Levenberg–Marquardt --- electric power steering --- steering actuator --- driverless racing vehicles --- control --- autonomous vehicles --- lane-changing --- decision-making --- path planning --- four-wheel independent drive --- four-wheel independent steering --- path tracking --- handling stability --- active safety control --- electric vehicle --- intelligent sanitation vehicle --- trash can-handling robot --- truss structure --- multi-objective parameter optimization --- topology optimization --- discrete optimization --- multiple load cases --- intelligent electric vehicles --- driver behavior recognition --- multi-semantic description --- confidence fusion --- drift parking --- open-loop control --- supervision mechanism --- two-speed AMT --- in-wheel-drive --- shifting process --- selectable one-way clutch --- five-degree-of-freedom vehicle model --- pressure–position model --- recursive least square --- advanced driver assistant systems --- adaptive cruise control --- direct yaw moment control --- extension control --- model predictive control --- optimization design --- vehicle structure design --- uncertainty --- deceleration device --- tyre-road peak friction coefficient estimation --- tyre model --- normalization --- incentive sensitivity --- four-wheel steering --- semantic segmentation --- high-resolution atlas training --- super-resolution

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This open access edited book provides new thinking on scientific identity formation. It thoroughly interrogates the concepts of community and identity, including both historical and contemporaneous analyses of several scientific fields. Chapters examine whether, and how, today’s scientific identities and communities are subject to fundamental changes, reacting to tangible shifts in research funding as well as more intangible transformations in our society’s understanding and expectations of technoscience. In so doing, this book reinvigorates the concept of scientific community. Readers will discover empirical analyses of newly emerging fields such as synthetic biology, systems biology and nanotechnology, and accounts of the evolution of theoretical conceptions of scientific identity and community. With inspiring examples of technoscientific identity work and community constellations, along with thought-provoking hypotheses and discussion, the work has a broad appeal. Those involved in science governance will benefit particularly from this book, and it has much to offer those in scholarly fields including sociology of science, science studies, philosophy of science and history of science, as well as teachers of science and scientists themselves. ; Reinvigorates the concept of scientific community Delineates ongoing changes across a range of epistemic cultures Elaborates on social, cultural and political aspects of contemporary technoscience Traces historical influences on technoscience, including in the European context Provides new thinking on scientific identity formation

Philosophy of science --- Sociology --- Cultural studies --- Teaching of a specific subject --- Political structure & processes --- Philosophical and Historical Foundations of Science --- Science and Technology Studies --- Cultural Theory --- Science Education --- Governance and Government --- Philosophy --- Open Access --- Community in the Technosciences --- Communities of Practice --- Contemporary Technosciences --- Emergence of Technoscience --- Epistemic Cultures --- Engineering Laboratory Communities --- Funding Regimes --- Scientific Community --- Scientific Identity --- Science Governance --- Synthetic Biology --- Shaping of Technoscience --- Steering European research --- Science in Public --- Science Communication --- Technoscience and Society --- Transdisciplinary Research --- Science: general issues