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This open access book is the first comprehensive guideline for the beryllium-7 (Be-7) technique that can be applied to evaluate short-term patterns and budgets of soil redistribution in agricultural landscapes. While covering the fundamental and basic concepts of the approach, this book distinguishes itself from other publications by offering step-by-step instructions on how to use this isotopic technique effectively. It covers experimental design considerations and clear instruction is given on data processing. As accurate laboratory measurement is crucial to ensure successful use of Be-7 to investigate soil erosion, a full chapter is devoted to its specific determination by gamma spectrometry. This open access contribution further describes new developments in the Be-7 technique and includes a concluding chapter highlighting its potential benefits to support the implementation of area-wide soil conservation policy.

Agriculture. --- Soil conservation. --- Physical geography. --- Natural resources. --- Soil Science & Conservation. --- Environmental Science and Engineering. --- Physical Geography. --- Natural Resources. --- National resources --- Natural resources --- Resources, Natural --- Resource-based communities --- Resource curse --- Geography --- Conservation of soil --- Erosion control, Soil --- Soil erosion --- Soil erosion control --- Soils --- Agricultural conservation --- Soil management --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Economic aspects --- Control --- Prevention --- Conservation --- Soil science. --- Environmental sciences. --- Environmental science --- Science --- Pedology (Soil science) --- Agriculture --- Earth sciences --- Soil science --- Soil conservation --- Environmental sciences --- Physical geography

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This open access book highlights concepts discussed at two international conferences that brought together world-renowned scientists to advance the science of potassium (K) recommendations for crops. There was general agreement that the potassium recommendations currently in general use are oversimplified, outdated, and jeopardize soil, plant, and human health. Accordingly, this book puts forward a significantly expanded K cycle that more accurately depicts K inputs, losses and transformations in soils. This new cycle serves as both the conceptual basis for the scientific discussions in this book and a framework upon which to build future improvements. Previously used approaches are critically reviewed and assessed, not only for their relevance to future enhancements, but also for their use as metrics of sustainability. An initial effort is made to link K nutrition in crops and K nutrition in humans. The book offers an invaluable asset for graduate students, educators, industry scientists, data scientists, and advanced agronomists.

Agriculture. --- Plant biochemistry. --- Soil science. --- Soil conservation. --- Applied ecology. --- Plant Biochemistry. --- Soil Science & Conservation. --- Applied Ecology. --- Ecology --- Environmental protection --- Nature conservation --- Conservation of soil --- Erosion control, Soil --- Soil erosion --- Soil erosion control --- Soils --- Agricultural conservation --- Soil management --- Pedology (Soil science) --- Agriculture --- Earth sciences --- Phytochemistry --- Plant biochemistry --- Plant chemistry --- Biochemistry --- Botany --- Phytochemicals --- Plant biochemical genetics --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Control --- Prevention --- Conservation --- Plant Biochemistry --- Soil Science & Conservation --- Applied Ecology --- Soil Science --- Bioavailable Potassium --- Fertilizer Management --- Plant Nutrition --- Potash --- Soil Chemistry --- Sustainability --- Open access --- Agricultural science --- Botany & plant sciences --- Sedimentology & pedology

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This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This volume shares new data relating to Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA), with emphasis on experiences in Eastern and Southern Africa. The book is a collection of research by authors from over 30 institutions, spanning the public and private sectors, with specific knowledge on agricultural development in the region discussed. The material is assembled to answer key questions on the following five topic areas: (1) Climate impacts: What are the most significant current and near future climate risks undermining smallholder livelihoods? (2) Varieties: How can climate-smart varieties be delivered quickly and cost-effectively to smallholders? (3) Farm management: What are key lessons on the contributions from soil and water management to climate risk reduction and how should interventions be prioritized? (4) Value chains: How can climate risks to supply and value chains be reduced? and (5) Scaling up: How can most promising climate risks reduction strategies be quickly scaled up and what are critical success factors? Readers who will be interested in this book include students, policy makers, and researchers studying climate change impacts on agriculture and agricultural sustainability. .

Environmental management. --- Agriculture. --- Climatic changes. --- Soil conservation. --- Environmental law. --- Environmental Management. --- Climate Change. --- Soil Science & Conservation. --- Environmental Law/Policy/Ecojustice. --- Environment law --- Environmental control --- Environmental protection --- Environmental quality --- Environmental policy --- Law --- Sustainable development --- Conservation of soil --- Erosion control, Soil --- Soil erosion --- Soil erosion control --- Soils --- Agricultural conservation --- Soil management --- Changes, Climatic --- Changes in climate --- Climate change --- Climate change science --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic changes --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Environmental sciences --- Management --- Law and legislation --- Control --- Prevention --- Conservation --- Environmental aspects --- Climate change. --- Soil science. --- Environmental policy. --- Environment and state --- Environmental management --- State and environment --- Environmental auditing --- Pedology (Soil science) --- Agriculture --- Earth sciences --- Government policy --- Global environmental change --- Environment --- Soil science --- Soil conservation --- Environmental law

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There is wide agreement on the need to change the prevalent agricultural models, given their negative impacts and their incompatibility with current societal issues. Agroecological transition has been promoted as a potential solution to the ecological, social and economic problems generated by these models. It however involves a systemic, multi-scale and transdisciplinary process. Due to this complexity, the overall picture of what farms and food systems “actually are” and “might be” may not be apparent at the individual level. Yet individuals’ knowledge and values provide complementary insights on how to proceed in deepening ecological modernisation. Expertise can also provide landmarks to be considered in that process. Because local stakeholders’ experience and skills are key resources in the adaptation and adoption of agroecological transition, new conceptual and methodological frameworks and tools have to be developed to support them in the design process of such a complex transition. This book presents feedback from the ‘Territorial Agroecological Transition in Action’- TATA-BOX research project, which was devoted to these specific issues. The multidisciplinary and multi-organisation research team steered a four-year action-research process in two territories of France. This book presents: i) the key dimensions to be considered when dealing with agroecological transition: diversity of agriculture models, management of uncertainties, polycentric governance, autonomies, and role of actors’ networks; ii) an operational and original participatory process and associated boundary tools to support local stakeholders in shifting from a shared diagnosis to a shared action plan for transition, and in so doing developing mutual understanding and involvement; iii) an analysis of the main effects of the methodology on research organisation and on stakeholders’ development and application; iv) critical analysis and foresights on the main outcomes of TATA-BOX, provided by external researchers.”.

Agriculture. --- Sustainable development. --- Soil conservation. --- Environmental education. --- Environmental law. --- Sustainable Development. --- Soil Science & Conservation. --- Environmental and Sustainability Education. --- Environmental Law/Policy/Ecojustice. --- Environment law --- Environmental control --- Environmental protection --- Environmental quality --- Environmental policy --- Law --- Sustainable development --- Education --- Conservation of soil --- Erosion control, Soil --- Soil erosion --- Soil erosion control --- Soils --- Agricultural conservation --- Soil management --- Development, Sustainable --- Ecologically sustainable development --- Economic development, Sustainable --- Economic sustainability --- ESD (Ecologically sustainable development) --- Smart growth --- Sustainable economic development --- Economic development --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Law and legislation --- Control --- Prevention --- Conservation --- Environmental aspects --- Soil science. --- Environmental policy. --- Environment and state --- Environmental management --- State and environment --- Environmental auditing --- Pedology (Soil science) --- Agriculture --- Earth sciences --- Government policy --- Soil science --- Soil conservation --- Environmental education --- Environmental law

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This book provides standards and guidelines for quantifying greenhouse gas emissions and removals in smallholder agricultural systems and comparing options for climate change mitigation based on emission reductions and livelihood trade-offs. Globally, agriculture is directly responsible for about 11% of annual greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and induces an additional 17% through land use change, mostly in developing countries. Farms in the developing countries of sub-Saharan Africa and Asia are predominately managed by smallholders, with 80% of land holdings smaller than ten hectares. However, little to no information exists on greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation potentials in smallholder agriculture. Greenhouse gas measurements in agriculture are expensive, time consuming, and error prone, challenges only exacerbated by the heterogeneity of smallholder systems and landscapes. Concerns over methodological rigor, measurement costs, and the diversity of approaches, coupled with the demand for robust information suggest it is germane for the scientific community to establish standards of measurements for quantifying GHG emissions from smallholder agriculture. Standard guidelines for use by scientists, development organizations will help generate reliable data on emissions baselines and allow rigorous comparisons of mitigation options. The guidelines described in this book, developed by the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture, and Food Security (CCAFS) and partners, are intended to inform anyone conducting field measurements of agricultural greenhouse gas sources and sinks, especially to develop IPCC Tier 2 emission factors or to compare mitigation options in smallholder systems.

Life sciences. --- Agriculture. --- Climate change. --- Environmental management. --- Soil science. --- Soil conservation. --- Air pollution. --- Life Sciences. --- Climate Change. --- Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution. --- Soil Science & Conservation. --- Environmental Management. --- Air --- Air contaminants --- Air pollutants --- Air pollution --- Air pollution control --- Air toxics --- Airborne pollutants --- Atmosphere --- Contaminants, Air --- Control of air pollution --- Pollutants, Air --- Toxics, Air --- Conservation of soil --- Erosion control, Soil --- Soil erosion --- Soil erosion control --- Soils --- Pedology (Soil science) --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Changes, Climatic --- Climate change --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic changes --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Pollution --- Control --- Prevention --- Conservation --- Environmental aspects --- Air quality --- Atmospheric deposition --- Agricultural conservation --- Soil management --- Agriculture --- Earth sciences --- Environmental sciences --- Management --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Science --- Climatic changes. --- Changes in climate --- Climate change science --- Environmental protection. --- Environmental quality management --- Protection of environment --- Applied ecology --- Environmental engineering --- Environmental policy --- Environmental quality --- Global environmental change --- environmental management --- air quality control --- air pollution --- climate change --- agriculture --- atmospheric protection --- soil science --- conservation