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Agricultural drainage, such as runoffs from farmlands and wineries, are contaminated waters. Their management is monitored by environmental protection authorities who set targets of volume or pollutant reductions. Due to large quantities and seasonal variations, the targets are often not met, and effective management remains a problem in many parts of the world. Natural wetlands are known as the 'kidneys' of the earth with unique water purification functions that have long been recognized. Imitating the functions of natural wetlands, constructed wetlands are engineered systems purposely built to treat contaminated waters. They may therefore be called the 'artificial kidneys' of the earth. Rural areas often only have low-value lands available for constructed wetlands. Where large quantities of drainage are produced, farmlands are often adjacent to degraded natural wetlands that have reduced ecosystem functions. Controlled discharge and treatment in the wetlands can potentially be part of an integrated solution to multiple environmental problems. This book includes some recent studies on the fate of pollutants removed from agricultural drainage in wetlands, modelling of wetland performance, innovative systems, and the use of non-hazardous agricultural waste in constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment. These studies enhance our understanding of wetland systems, and will help develop wetland technology towards solving the problems associated with agricultural drainage.

Drainage. --- Land drainage --- Agricultural engineering --- Hydraulic engineering --- Reclamation of land --- Sanitary engineering --- Sewerage

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Wastewater treatment and sludge disposal are important for protecting receiving rivers, lakes, and other water bodies, and vital for human health. Since excessive discharge may cause eutrophication and deterioration of aquatic systems, the US EPA and other national agencies have set guidelines for wastewater discharge standards. Conventional technologies are well developed and widely applied worldwide for wastewater treatment; however, new ideas and new technologies are gaining additional interest for the sake of water and energy reuse. While water is essential in arid regions, wastewater reuse and recycling have been playing an important role in human life. Although there are no universal standards for industrial and agriculture reuse, balancing wastewater treatment and public health protection presents challenges and opportunities.

Sewage. --- Domestic effluent --- Domestic sewage --- Domestic wastewater --- Effluent (Sewage) --- Industrial effluent --- Industrial wastewater --- Sewage effluent --- Waste water --- Waste waters --- Wastewater --- Wastewaters --- Sewerage --- Life Sciences --- Waste Management --- Environmental Sciences

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The generation of wastes as a result of human activities has been continuously speeding up since the beginning of the industrial revolution. Hence, both optimized waste water treatment technologies and modern tools to assess the effects of pollution sources are necessary to prevent the contamination of aquatic ecosystems The book offers an interdisciplinary collection of topics concerning waste water treatment technologies, water quality monitoring and evaluation of waste water impact on natural environments. We hope that this publication will be helpful for graduate students, environmental professionals and researchers of various disciplines related to waste water.

Sewage --- Sewage disposal. --- Sewerage. --- Purification. --- House drainage --- Sewers --- Drainage, House --- Hydraulic structures --- Municipal engineering --- Sanitary engineering --- Underground utility lines --- Drainage --- Plumbing --- Waste disposal --- Refuse and refuse disposal --- Effluent treatment --- Purification of sewage --- Sewage treatment --- Water treatment --- Disinfection --- Hydrology & the hydrosphere

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In many countries, especially in developing countries, many people lack access to water and sanitation services and this inadequate service is the main cause of diseases in these countries. Application of appropriate wastewater treatment technologies, which are effective, low cost, simple to operate, proven technologies, is a key component in any strategy aimed at increasing the coverage of wastewater treatment. Sustainable Treatment and Reuse of Municipal Wastewater presents the concepts of appropriate technology for wastewater treatment and the issues of strategy and policy for increasing wastewater treatment coverage. The book focuses on the resolution of wastewater treatment and disposal problems in developing countries, however the concepts presented are valid and applicable anywhere and plants based on combined unit processes of appropriate technology can also be used in developed countries and provide to them the benefits described.

Sewage --- Domestic effluent --- Domestic sewage --- Domestic wastewater --- Effluent (Sewage) --- Industrial effluent --- Industrial wastewater --- Sewage effluent --- Waste water --- Waste waters --- Wastewater --- Wastewaters --- Sewerage --- Effluent treatment --- Purification of sewage --- Sewage treatment --- Water treatment --- Purification. --- Recycling. --- Disinfection --- Environmental Sciences --- reuse & sludge

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Ecotechnologies for wastewater treatment (EWWT) have been used as a cost-effective alternative to conventional wastewater treatment methods for improving the removal of organic carbon, nutrients and pathogenic microorganisms from wastewater. However, due to biochemical transformations of organic matter and nutrients EWWT are net sources of CO2, CH4 and N2O greenhouse gases (GHGs), which may be transferred into the atmosphere contributing to global warming. Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Ecotechnologies for Wastewater Treatment provides scientific information about greenhouse gas, such as CO2, CH4 and N2O, generation and emissions from different municipal EWWT. The main EWWT considered in this book are anaerobic ponds, facultative ponds, duckweed-based ponds, and a freshwater natural wetland perturbed by anthropogenic activities such as wastewater discharge and nutrients from agricultural run-off. The book includes a full literature review of recent publications about GHGs emissions from EWWT. It also introduces the calculation of GHGs flux using a static chamber technique. Besides, the book presents information on the influence of environmental factors such as temperature, pH, DO, and nutrients on GHG emissions produced in EWWT under tropical conditions. This book will be a useful reference for researches and students interested in the broader area of water and climate change subjects. The publication may also be of interest to policy makers concerned with climate change, water sector planning, and wastewater treatment.

Sewage disposal plants. --- Sewage --- Environmental aspects. --- Purification --- Biological treatment --- Domestic effluent --- Domestic sewage --- Domestic wastewater --- Effluent (Sewage) --- Industrial effluent --- Industrial wastewater --- Sewage effluent --- Waste water --- Waste waters --- Wastewater --- Wastewaters --- Sewerage --- Sewage disposal --- Effluent treatment plants --- Sewage treatment plants --- Sewage works --- Wastewater treatment plants --- Water pollution control plants --- WPCPs (Sewage disposal) --- Refuse disposal facilities --- Environmental aspects