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The focus of this Special Issue is “Nutrition and the Central Nervous System”. The brain is, as a very specialized and one of the most metabolically active organs of the body, dependent on a steady and sufficient supply of dietary ingredients. The critical role of the diet for brain development as well as for proper CNS functioning and the possible preventative roles against neurodegenerative and neurological conditions is commonly accepted. The overarching aim of this Special Issue is pinpointing the mechanisms of action and publishing state-of-the-art contributions discussing the roles that nutritional compounds play in the development, maintenance, and aging of the CNS.

dipeptide --- dopamine --- hippocampus --- memory --- monoamine oxidase B --- milk --- hypothalamus --- nucleus accumbens --- reward --- appetite --- palatability --- major depressive disorder --- Chinese herbal formula --- corticosterone --- BDNF --- oxidative stress --- probiotics --- microbiota --- beneficial bacteria --- psychobiotics --- human health --- neurodegenerative diseases --- neuroinflammation --- apoptosis --- synaptic dysfunction --- IRS1 --- serine phosphorylation --- diabetes --- aging --- Alzheimer’s disease --- memory decline --- Aβ --- AMPK --- energy depletion --- S-equol --- 17β-estradiol --- estrogen receptor alpha --- cell cycle --- β-Amyloid --- microbiome --- microbiota-gut-brain axis --- ADHD --- attention-deficit-hyperactive-disorder --- Angelica gigas --- mild cognitive impairment --- traumatic brain injury --- chronic mild stress --- children --- cingulum --- development --- dietary sugar --- fructose

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This book has been written with the purpose of providing a vision of a topic which is on the edge of biology and chemistry. As well, we want to provide an updated vision of the potentials and limitations of biocatalysis, especially with respect to applications in processes of organic synthesis, fine chemicals, and medicine. This book pretends to illustrate the potential of an excellent overview of recent progress on the assessment of granted patents as a useful tool in asymmetric synthesis. Some distinguished researchers have contributed to this endeavor with their knowledge, their commitment and their encouragement

ferulic acid esters --- octyl ferulate --- esterification --- Box-Behnken design --- response surface methodology --- molar conversion --- optimum condition --- Bacillus --- glycosyltransferase --- 8-hydroxydaidzein --- industrial biotechnology --- electrochemistry --- biohydrogen --- biocatalysis --- process development --- bacteria --- Enantioselectivity --- enzyme cascade --- hydroxynitrile lyase --- lipase --- hydrocyanation --- transesterification --- glycosidases --- transglycosylation --- cyclodextrin glycosyltransferases --- alkyl glucosides --- biosurfactants --- MDR—medium-chain reductase/dehydrogenase --- ADH—alcohol dehydrogenase --- enzyme kinetics --- EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) chelation --- ultrafiltration --- pseudokinases --- signal transduction --- cancer therapy --- tyrosine/serine/threonine phosphorylation --- new drug targets --- interactome --- asymmetric synthesis --- patents --- lipases --- oxidoreductases --- lyases --- transaminases --- n/a --- MDR-medium-chain reductase/dehydrogenase --- ADH-alcohol dehydrogenase

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This Urological Cancer 2020 collection contains a set of multidisciplinary contributions to the extraordinary heterogeneity of tumor mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, and therapies of the renal, urinary tract, and prostate cancers, with the intention of offering to interested readers a representative snapshot of the status of urological research.

renal cell carcinoma --- iron --- macrophages --- chelation therapy --- urothelial carcinoma --- transcriptome --- microtubule --- MAP1B --- prognosis --- KLF5 --- androgen receptor --- cell proliferation --- tumorigenesis --- prostate cancer --- precision medicine --- whole genome sequencing --- optical mapping --- therapy --- prostate carcinoma --- prostate mpMRI --- machine learning --- artificial intelligence --- deep learning --- neural network --- angiogenesis --- angiogenic growth factors --- antiangiogenic therapy --- renal tumors --- prevention --- α1-adrenoceptor antagonists --- anoikis --- vascularity --- research model --- oncogenes --- tumor suppressor genes --- MR-guided --- radiotherapy --- MRgRT --- stereotactic ablative radiotherapy --- stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SABR) --- renal cell cancer --- RCC --- online adaptive --- [68Ga]Ga-PSMA PET/CT --- dual-time point imaging --- delayed imaging --- biphasic imaging --- lesion positivity rate --- CXCL9 --- PD1 --- PD-L1 --- stage T1 NMIBC --- prostatic neoplasms/mortality --- prostatic neoplasms/epidemiology --- SEER Program --- bladder cancer --- transurethral resection --- en-bloc resection --- CPT1A --- fatty acids --- serine --- androgen response --- ROS --- oxidative stress --- DONSON --- Downstream Neighbor of SON --- biomarker --- metastatic spread --- diagnosis --- differential diagnosis --- histopathology --- immunohistochemistry --- stroma signature --- patient-derived xenografts --- n/a --- Research. --- Biology.

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Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Since early diagnosis and optimal treatment selection are crucial to improving the prognosis of these diseases, the discovery of useful biomarkers has the potential to greatly reduce their burden. Recent technical and mechanical developments have allowed for the detection of tiny differences in various factors modified in physical conditions, which could contribute to the discovery of novel biomarkers for some diseases.In this Special Issue, we aim to focus on novel biomarkers for GI cancers, including esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer and biliary cancer. In addition, any samples (tissue, blood, urine and feces) are useful as biomarker sources, although body-fluid-based biomarkers are promising as diagnostic biomarkers due to their noninvasiveness. This Special Issue aims to collect novel insights clarifying the current situation and future perspective in this field.

colorectal cancer --- advanced adenoma --- screening --- stool --- mRNA --- n/a --- cancer screening --- cirrhosis --- AFP --- machine learning --- MALDI-TOF --- proteomics --- CXCR4 --- prognosis --- overall survival --- rectal cancer --- neoadjuvant chemoradiation --- mouse model --- biomarkers --- urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) --- urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) --- plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) --- circulating tumour cell (CTC) --- gastric cancer --- oesophageal cancer --- serine proteases --- tumour microenvironment --- serpins --- biomarker --- chemoresistance --- liquid biopsy --- microRNA --- long non-coding RNA --- colorectal neoplasms --- cancer screening tests --- early detection of cancer --- precision medicine --- unfolded protein --- hepatocellular cancer --- GSVA --- unfolded protein score --- epigenetic regulation genes --- somatic mutations --- molecular genetic markers --- extracellular vesicles --- microbiome --- 16S rRNA amplicon --- metagenomics --- liver fibrosis --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- recurrence --- SHG/TPEF microscopy --- artificial intelligence --- advanced gastric cancer --- targeted therapy --- urinary miRNA --- miR-129-1-3p --- miR-566

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The Special Issue “Placental Related Disorders of Pregnancy” was edited by Dr Hiten D. Mistry, Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course and Population Health Sciences, King's College London, London, UK and Dr Eun D. Lee, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA, USA.

Medicine --- Physiology --- low-dose aspirin --- preeclampsia --- placenta --- eicosanoids --- sphingolipids --- thromboxane --- prostacyclin --- isoprostanes --- neutrophils --- protease-activated receptor 1 --- cold shock protein --- intrauterine growth restriction --- placentation --- apoptosis --- NF-κB --- hypertension in pregnancy --- angiogenesis --- endothelial function --- oxidative stress --- antioxidants --- post-maturity --- senescence --- pre-eclampsia --- renin–angiotensin system --- megalin --- proton pump inhibitors --- telomere shortening --- prenatal depression --- sex differences --- flow culture system --- explant culture under flow --- placental insufficiency --- SPINT2/HAI-2 --- foetal growth restriction --- small for gestational age --- placentome --- pregnancy --- nutrient restriction --- gene expression --- transcriptome --- spontaneous preterm birth --- bioenergetic metabolism --- interactome --- fetal sex disparity --- CD24 --- cytotrophoblast --- syncytiotrophoblast --- immunohistochemistry --- quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) --- immune tolerance --- inflammation --- cytokines --- adipokines --- antimicrobial peptides --- metabolic stress --- IGF-I --- insulin --- lactotroph hormones --- decidual reaction --- fetal membranes --- placental hormones --- primates --- uterine spiral artery --- uterine NK cell --- chorionic somatomammotropin --- blood flow --- nutrient uptake --- uterus --- ERAP2 --- trophoblast cells --- RNA sequencing --- differentially expressed genes --- congenital heart disease --- hand1 --- vascular development --- intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy --- human placenta --- bile acids --- transporters --- pregnancy complications --- metabolism --- glycolysis --- mitochondrial respiration --- placental metabolism --- trophoblast glycolysis --- trophoblast mitochondrial respiration --- sexual dimorphism --- Interleukin-15 --- CD122 --- natural killer cells --- macrophages --- trophoblast --- Irisin --- TRPV6 --- calcium transport --- skeletal dysplasia --- serine proteases --- subunit assembly --- transient receptor potential --- antioxidant capacity --- decidua --- fetal growth restriction --- KEAP1 --- NRF2 --- n/a --- renin-angiotensin system