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Metric fixed-point theory lies in the intersection of three main subjects: topology, functional analysis, and applied mathematics. The first fixed-point theorem, also known as contraction mapping principle, was abstracted by Banach from the papers of Liouville and Picard, in which certain differential equations were solved by using the method of successive approximation. In other words, fixed-point theory developed from applied mathematics and has developed in functional analysis and topology. Fixed-point theory is a dynamic research subject that has never lost the attention of researchers, as it is very open to development both in theoretical and practical fields. In this Special Issue, among several submissions, we selected eight papers that we believe will be interesting to researchers who study metric fixed-point theory and related applications. It is great to see that this Special Issue fulfilled its aims. There are not only theoretical results but also some applications that were based on obtained fixed-point results. In addition, the presented results have great potential to be improved, extended, and generalized in distinct ways. The published results also have a wide application potential in various qualitative sciences, including physics, economics, computer science, engineering, and so on.

b-metric --- Banach fixed point theorem --- Caristi fixed point theorem --- homotopy --- M-metric --- M-Pompeiu–Hausdorff type metric --- multivalued mapping --- fixed point --- quasi metric space --- altering distance function --- (ψ, ϕ)-quasi contraction. --- pata type contraction --- Suzuki type contraction --- C-condition --- orbital admissible mapping --- non-Archimedean quasi modular metric space --- θ-contraction --- Suzuki contraction --- simulation contraction --- R-function --- simulation function --- manageable function --- contractivity condition --- binary relation --- quasi-metric space --- left K-complete --- α–ψ-contractive mapping --- asymptotic stability --- differential and riemann-liouville fractional differential neutral systems --- linear matrix inequality

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Hauptbeschreibung In allen ausdifferenzierten Gesellschaften sind die Organisation und die Erfüllung kollektiver Aufgaben zu bewältigen. Die Delegation an spezialisierte Organisationen stellt eine institutionelle Antwort auf die damit verbundenen Herausforderungen dar. Bekannte Beispiele sind Notenbanken und Wettbewerbsbehörden. Unabhängige Organisationen sind mächtige Akteure, die nicht nur Wissens- und Spezialisierungsvorteile nutzen, sondern ihre Macht auch gegen die Interessen der Gesellschaftsmitglieder einsetzen oder einzelne Gruppen bevorzugen können. In demokratischen System

Independent regulatory commissions. --- Commissions, Independent regulatory --- Commissions of the federal government --- Independent administrative agencies --- Independent agencies --- Quasi-judicial agencies --- Regulatory agencies --- Regulatory commissions --- Administrative agencies --- Administrative law --- Insurance commissioners

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Ice crystals are the most ubiquitous material found in the cryosphere environment of the Earth, in the planetary system, and also in our daily lives. In recent years, ice crystals have increased in importance as one of the key materials for finding solutions to settle various environmental concerns at a global scale. Furthermore, ice crystals are unique materials which are potentially extremely useful in various applications, for example, within the food sciences, medical sciences, and other fields. In dealing with these interesting subjects, research on ice crystals has been more actively pursued in recent years. The Special Issue “Ice Crystals” presents a wide varieties of topics related to ice crystals. It can be considered as a status report reviewing the recent research on ice crystals and serves to provide readers with information on the latest developments concerning ice crystals.

coarsening kinetics --- antifreeze protein --- microstructure --- ice crystals --- decomposition --- formation --- cryo-photo microscopy --- cryoprotective agent --- ice cream --- reformation --- tomography --- deformation --- clathrate hydrate --- Negative thermal expansivity --- tetrahydrofuran --- ice crystal --- pressure --- molecular dynamics --- Grüneisen parameter --- modelling --- ab initio calculation --- freezing --- nanoscale pores --- quasi-liquid layer --- electron paramagnetic resonance --- potential of mean force --- gas hydrate --- spin labeling --- pre-decomposition pressure --- mW model

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This book is a collection of 12 innovative research papers in the field of hypercompositional algebra, 7 of them being more theoretically oriented, with the other 5 presenting strong applicative aspects in engineering, control theory, artificial intelligence, and graph theory. Hypercompositional algebra is now a well-established branch of abstract algebra dealing with structures endowed with multi-valued operations, also called hyperoperations, having a set as the result of the interrelation between two elements of the support set. The theoretical papers in this book are principally related to three main topics: (semi)hypergroups, hyperfields, and BCK-algebra. Heidari and Cristea present a natural generalization of breakable semigroups, defining the breakable semihypergroups where every non-empty subset is a subsemihypergroup. Using the fundamental relation ? on a hypergroup, some new properties of the

intuitionistic fuzzy soft strong hyper BCK-ideal --- time-varying artificial neuron --- clustering protocols --- 1-hypergroup --- fuzzy multi-Hv-ideal --- multisets --- q-rung picture fuzzy line graphs --- semi-symmetry --- rough set --- quasi-multiautomaton --- height --- transposition hypergroup --- Hv-ring --- m-polar fuzzy hypergraphs --- Hv-structures --- selection operation --- upper approximation --- invertible subhypergroup --- breakable semigroup --- intuitionistic fuzzy soft weak hyper BCK ideal --- functions on multiset --- submultiset --- m-polar fuzzy equivalence relation --- semihypergroup --- granular computing --- q-rung picture fuzzy graphs --- linear differential operator --- perfect edge regular --- Hv-ideal --- lower BCK-semilattice --- square q-rung picture fuzzy graphs --- minimal prime decomposition --- level hypergraphs --- hyperfield --- quasi-automaton --- hyperring --- semi-prime closure operation --- edge regular --- UWSN --- (hyper)homography --- relative annihilator --- hypergroup --- intuitionistic fuzzy soft s-weak hyper BCK-ideal --- fundamental equivalence relation --- intuitionistic fuzzy soft hyper BCK ideal --- hyperideal --- lower approximation --- multiset --- fundamental relation --- ego networks --- application --- minimal prime factor --- single-power cyclic hypergroup --- ordered group --- fuzzy multiset

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The last decade has contributed to the rapid progress in developing high-power microwave sources. This Special Issue aims to bring together information about the most striking theoretical and experimental results, new trends in development, remarkable modern applications, new demands in parameter enhancement, and future goals. Although only a tiny part of the achievements of recent years is included in this Issue, we hope that the presented articles will be useful for experts and students focusing on modern vacuum electronics.

velocity ratio --- velocity spread --- low-voltage --- gyrotrons --- MIG --- particle simulation --- space charge effects --- pillbox window --- wide-band --- W-band --- low loss --- mode converter --- 220 GHz --- taper --- terahertz --- traveling-wave tube --- folded waveguide (FWG) --- slow wave system --- high harmonic traveling wave tube --- gyrotron --- quasi-optical cavity --- confocal waveguide --- frequency tuning --- high power --- sub-millimeter wave --- PFN-Marx --- compact --- modular --- trigger source --- gas switch --- mica capacitor --- millimeter waves --- wireless power transmitting --- quasi-optical antenna --- gaussian beam --- Gyrotron --- sub-terahertz --- high-power microwave source --- HPM source --- virtual cathode oscillator --- vircator --- ring reflector --- high-power electromagnetic waves (HPEM) --- semiconductor --- failure threshold time --- microwave hardness --- electromagnetic pulse (EMP) shielding --- broadband --- gyro-TWT --- high-resolution imaging radar --- TE02 mode --- dielectric properties --- low-reflection barrier windows --- broadband window --- microwaves --- terahertz radiation --- n/a